途径

Four different pathways of androgenesis have been observed:Pathway of vege...

在雄核发育的研究中，观察到有营养细胞发育途径，生殖细胞发育途径，营养细胞和生殖细胞混合发育途径，以及均等分裂发育途径等四种类型，并对这四种途径进行了讨论。

According to recent researches, intracellular signalling pathway systems involved in appressorium differentiation is related with cAMP pathway and MAP pathway. In this research, 21 bacteria strains and Chaetomium cupreum strains were assayed for their antagonism to appressorium formation in M.grisea.

随着稻瘟病菌一系列致病基因的克隆及功能明确，附着胞形成的信号传导途径包括：cAMP途径和MAP途径，这些途径中基因的失活都影响附着胞的形成。

Based on landscape representation models, process models and evaluation models, the author discussed five design approaches to landscapes: The Feng-shui approach, Lynch's approach of "Imageable city", the "Genius loci" approach, McHarg's "Design with nature" approach and the approach of landscape ecology.

本文从景观设计过程的陈述模型，过程模型和评价模型三个方面系统讨论和比较了五个不同景观设计途径，包括前科学途径，现象学途径（包括林奇的"城市印象"途径和"场所精神"途径），以及生态学途径(包括"设计遵从自然"途径和景观生态途径)。

At present, the late-flowering mutants are fallen into four pathways: photoperiod pathway, vernalization pathway, autonomous pathway and GA pathway according to factors described above.

目前，一般按照对以上因素的反应将晚花突变体归于四条开花调控途径：光周期途径、春化途径、自主途径和GA途径。

There are two ways of settlement: court settlement and out-of-court settlement, in which the court settlement will be the final judgment and the most important one.

解决纠纷的途径选择包括司法外途径解决和司法途径解决，司法途径解决是最重要的，也是最终的解决方式。

In Arabidopsis thaliana, flowering was regulated mainly by photoperiod pathway, vernalization pathway, autonomous pathway, and GA pathway.

在拟南芥中，植物开花途径主要有春化促进途径、光周期促进途径、自主开花途径及依赖于赤霉素的途径等。

However, the first one enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase gene and the second one enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase gene in MEP pathway had been reported and expressed in the latex of rubber tree, indicating that MEP pathway may be involved in rubber biosynthesis.4 - hydroxy -3 - methyl -2 -- butenyl -4 - phosphate reductaseis the last enzyme that catalytic 4 - hydroxy -3 - methyl -(2E)- butenyl -4 - phosphate to generate isopentenyl pyrophosphate.

然而已有报道MEP途径中第1个酶1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸合成酶（1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase，DXS）基因和第2个酶1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸还原酶（1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase ，DXR）基因在橡胶树胶乳中的表达，这表明MEP途径可能参与橡胶的生物合成。4-羟基-3-甲基-2--丁烯基-4-磷酸还原酶（4-hydroxy -3-methyl-2--butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase，HDR）是异戊烯基焦磷酸合成途径之一甲基赤藓糖磷酸（methylerythritol phosphate，MEP）途径中的最后一个酶，催化4-羟基-3-甲基-(2E)-丁烯基-4-磷酸生成异戊烯基焦磷酸。

Based on landscape representation models, process models and evaluation models, the author discussed five design approaches to landscapes: The Feng-shui approach, Lynch's approach of "Imageable city", the "Genius loci" approach, McHarg's "Design with nature" approach and the approach of landscape ecology.

本文从景观设计过程的陈述模型，过程模型和评价模型三个方面系统讨论和比较了五个不同景观设计途径，包括前科学途径，现象学途径（包括林奇的&城市印象&途径和&场所精神&途径），以及生态学途径(包括&设计遵从自然&途径和景观生态途径)。

But the effluent ammonium in the anoxic reactor, where enough NO2 were present, was equal to the blank system, and no ammonium was converted to such nitrogen compounds as NO2- and N2 by Nitrosomonas eutropha using NO2 as electron acceptor, which maybe caused by lack of the function bacteria. There were two ANAMMOX reaction pathways in the one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal system. One way was that after part of NH4+ was oxidized to NH2OH under aerobic conditions, NH2OH and NO2- were converted to N2O under anaerobic conditions, at last N2O was further converted to N2 which realized the nitrogen removal; Another way was that at first NO2- was reduced to NH2OH, NH2OH reacted with NH4+ to form N2H4, which was further converted to N2 subsequently, realizing the nitrogen removal.

结果表明：单级自养脱氮系统内6.72%的氨氮是通过吹脱等物化作用去除的，不超过6.02%的氨氮是通过传统硝化反硝化途径去除的，87.26%左右的氨氮是由自养脱氮途径去除的，自养脱氮反应起主要脱氮作用；在足够NO2存在且缺氧的条件下，单级自养脱氮系统内的出水氨氮浓度与空白反应器相当，NH4+并没有被亚硝化单胞菌以NO2为电子受体氧化为NO2-和N2等化合物而得以去除，可能是因为系统内不存在该代谢功能的亚硝化功能菌；单级自养脱氮系统内存在两条ANAMMOX反应途径：其中一条途径即NH4+在好氧条件下被氧化为NH2OH后，生成的NH2OH与系统内的NO2-在缺氧条件下被转化为N2O，N2O则进一步被转化为N2而实现氮的去除；另外一条途径即NO2-首先被还原为NH2OH，生成的NH2OH则与系统内的NH4+反应生成N2H4，N2H4继续被转化为N2而实现氮的去除。

Result At 5 and 25 mgkg^(-1), the total respiratory rate had a similar trend with tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway, T1, and T2 were higher than the control on the 1st day and then declined three days late but they had a recover on the last day. Embden-Meyer-hot-Parnas pathway had a declined trend forever. The respiratory rate of the total and three pathways were decreased under 125 mgkg^(-1). The enzyme activity of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and malate dehydrogenase were similar to relative respiratory pathway.

测定期内，5mgkg^(-1)土、25mgkg^(-1)土浓度处理使基础呼吸速率和三羧酸循环、磷酸戊糖途径的呼吸速率均表现初期上升随后（第3天）下降但末期有所恢复的趋势，而糖酵解途径的呼吸速率则持续下降在末期小幅回升；125mgkg^(-1)土浓度处理后基础呼吸速率及3条途径呼吸速率均呈下降趋势；磷酸果糖激酶、苹果酸脱氢酶和葡萄糖－6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)活性变化趋势分别与其对应途径呼吸速率变化相似。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。