逐渐增加的

The results show that when the porosity of sample was higher, compressure rate was higher and resilience rate was lower, however resilient rate of sample with higher porosity were increased notably when pressure was increased, and it tended to accord with of sample with lower porosity. The friction coefficient was higher when porosity of paper-based friction material was higher, and the friction coefficient tended to reduce and stabilize when braking pressure was increased. The friction coefficient of sample with high porosity tended to reduce and stabilize in continuous braking cycles.

结果表明：在相同载荷下，随着孔隙率增大，材料的压缩率增加而回弹率降低，随着载荷增加，高孔隙率材料的回弹率先明显增大，而后趋于稳定；在相同比压和转速下，孔隙率越高，材料的摩擦系数越大，随着比压增加，孔隙率高的材料摩擦系数逐渐降低，且不同孔隙率材料的摩擦系数逐渐趋于一致；在连续循环制动时，高孔隙率材料的摩擦系数逐渐降低并趋于稳定。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

Analysis had been carried out on the models of representative deck thickness and hinge joint depth with centre load and side load applied.

分析结果表明，随着桥面板厚度的增加，板梁挠度及板梁底横向拉应力逐渐减小，铰缝内的横向拉应力和竖向剪应力逐渐减小；随着铰缝深度的加大，各板梁挠度差逐渐减小，板梁底横向拉应力逐渐增大，铰缝内的横向拉应力和竖向剪应力逐渐减小；并且随着桥面板厚度的增加，铰缝深度对板梁桥的刚度及受力性能的影响效果逐渐降低。

The typical apoptotic morphological features appeared in MUTZ1 cells treated with 4 mmol/L VPA for 72 hours. Pyknosis of cells and nuclei, disintegration of nuclear chromatin and apoptotic body could be observed by light microscopy. Aggregation and margination of nuclear chromatin, concentration of plasm, increment of density and chromatin mass of irregular size could be observed by transmission electronmicroscope. The flow cytometric analysis indicated that the VPA could induce cell apoptosis, apoptosis rate increased in dosedependent manner, ratio of cells at G0/G1 phase increased and ratio of cells at S phase decreased in dosedependent manner, the cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase.

结果显示： VPA对MUTZ1细胞的生长抑制作用呈现时间和剂量依赖性；经4 mmol/L VPA处理MUTZ1细胞72小时后，细胞呈现典型的凋亡形态特征，光学显微镜下可见凋亡细胞胞体固缩、核固缩、核碎裂及凋亡小体；透射电子显微镜下可见凋亡细胞核染色质边集、胞浆浓缩、密度增加，胞浆内大小不规则的染色质团块；流式细胞术结果表明，细胞凋亡率随着VPA浓度的增加而逐步增高，G0/G1期细胞比例随着VPA浓度的增加而逐渐增多，S期细胞比例逐渐减低，细胞被阻滞在G0/G1期。

The typical apoptotic morphological features appeared in MUTZ-1 cells treated with 4mmol/L VPA for 72hours. Pyknosis of cells and nuclei, disintegration of nuclear chromatin and apoptotic body could be observed by light microscopy. Aggregation and margination of nuclear chromatin, concentration of plasm, increment of density and chromatin mass of irregular size could be observed by transmission electronmicroscope. The flow cytometric analysis indicated that the VPA could induce cell apoptosis, apoptosis rate increased in dose-dependent manner, ratio of cells at G0/G1 phase increased and ratio of cells at S phase decreased in dose-dependent manner, the cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase.

结果显示：VPA对MUTZ-1细胞的生长抑制作用呈现时间和剂量依赖性；经4mmol/LVPA处理MUTZ-1细胞72小时后，细胞呈现典型的凋亡形态特征，光学显微镜下可见凋亡细胞胞体固缩、核固缩、核碎裂及凋亡小体；透射电子显微镜下可见凋亡细胞核染色质边集、胞浆浓缩、密度增加，胞装内大小不规则的染色质团块；流式细胞术结果表明，细胞凋亡率随着VPA浓度的增加而逐步增高，G0/G1期细胞比例随着VPA浓度的增加而逐渐增多，S期细胞比例逐渐减低，细胞被阻滞在G0/G1期。

Phase modulation depth decreases with the incident angle increasing, while phase modulation depth increases with the obliquity of LC-SLM molecule decreasing, i.e., driving voltage of the LC-SLM increases with the intensity of write-in light increasing.

结果表明，随着入射角的增加，液晶层的相位调制深度逐渐减小；随着分子倾角的减小，相位调制深度逐渐升高，即随着写入光的增强，加到液晶层两端的电压增加；随着入射角的增加，读出光强的初相位逐渐减小，但该初相位值并不大，即使在入射角10°下达到最大，也仅为0.21π。

The call developmental process of Psittacula agapornis consists of five instinct phases according to its call character. In the first phase （congenital cal1 phase, CCP, 0~12 day of age）, the juveniles only produce single syllable with short syllable length. The second phase（blank-model-forming phase,BMFP, 13~30 day of age） is important for formation of vocal learning pathways. During this phase, the calls characterized by more and longer syllables. In the third phase （call-model-forming phase,CMFP, 31~45 day of age）, the call development is guided by a model system for vocal learning, vocal learning is engendered so that some calls with multi-syllables with UP1 are produced, principal frequency has increased about by 920 cent, the number of note is double that of second phase. The short-term memories are transformed into long-term memories in the forth phase （call-feedback-learning phase,CFLP, 46~90 day of age）. The call of juveniles is a close match to tutor call which accompanied by double various sounds with BS and UP1, and more resonance components were formed. Second principal frequency has increased about by 970 cent, the number of note increases by 2.6~3.0 times. During the fifth phase （excellent call phase,ECP, after 91 d）, vocal motor pathway is developed and the calls are accompanied with most stable, harmonious vari-tone and complex repertoire.

牡丹鹦鹉的鸣声发育分为5个时期。0~12 d为先天性鸣声期，鸣声特征为以基本音为主音的单音节单音调声，声长短。13~30 d为空白模板形成期，鸣声特征为以基本音为主音的多音节单音调声，声长和音量显著性增加，表明发声学习通路开始形成。31~45 d为鸣声模板形成期，鸣声特征为以第1陪音（UP1）为主音的多音节单变调声，声长和音量显著性增加，主音频提升约920音分，涵盖的律音数增加1倍，表明发声学习模板逐渐形成，发声学习开始。46~90 d为鸣声反馈学习期，鸣声特征为以BS和UP1为主音的双变调声，声长和音量显著性增加，主音频涵盖的律音数增加2.6~3.0倍，第2主音频提升约970音分，表明稳定模板逐渐形成，短期记忆逐渐向长期记忆转化。91 d后为完美鸣声期，鸣声特征为以UP1为主音的复合变音调声，声长、音量、主音频的提升和涵盖的律音数都趋于平稳，鸣声稳定而和谐，表明发声运动通路基本形成。

The results showed that the degree of butyryl substitution of CAB increased and the degree of acetyl substitution of CAB decreased as the activation time increased. The degree of substitution of CAB changed slightly after the esterification went along about 2h.

随着活化时间的增加，CAB的丁酯取代度会逐渐增大，乙酯取代度会逐渐减小；酯化反应2h后，CAB取代度变化不大；CAB的丁酯取代度随着反应体系中丁酰基摩尔分数的增加而增大，而乙酯取代度则随着丁酰基摩尔分数的增加而减小。

Along with seawater stress strength upward, the ratio of root to shoot, Na+, Cl- and soluble sugar contents were increased significantly. Under the 10% and 20% seawater treatments, chlorophyll contents have no obvious difference compared with the control, but significantly decreased when the seawater stress further increased. Under the 10% seawater treatments, K+ contents in the shoot and root of Lactuca indica seedlings have no distinct difference compared with the control, but along with seawater stress strength upward, K+ content were markedly decreased by degrees. However, soluble protein content first increased then decreased with seawater concentration augment.

结果表明：苦荬菜幼苗地上部受海水胁迫较为显著，而根在30%海水以内与对照相比没有显著差异；根冠比随着海水比例的增加而提高；10%和20%海水处理下，叶绿素含量与对照相比差异不显著，但随着海水浓度的进一步增加，叶绿素含量显著下降；10%海水处理下，苦荬菜地上部分及根K+含量与对照差异不显著，高于10%海水处理，K+含量随海水比例的增加地上部和根部均逐渐显著降低；海水处理下，体内Na+和Cl-含量逐渐显著增加；地上部可溶性糖逐渐显著增加，而可溶性蛋白呈先升后降。

The results of cold-flow model test indicate:(1) the pressure drop rises with increasing air quantity and solids quantity respectively, however, much more air quantity and solids quantity minish in the same height position;(2) the pressure drop rises with increasing solids quantity;(3) the average granule concentration minishes with increasing air quantity, and rises with increasing the granule quantity in the same level position;(4) the inhomogeneity of distribution granule concentration minishes with increasing air quantity, and rises with increasing the granule quantity in the same level position.

结果表明：(1)在同一高度截面上，循环流化床反应器炉膛内压降随风量的增加而增加，但是风量过于增大反而使压降在同一截面上减小；(2)压降随初始物料量的增加而增加；(3)在同一水平截面上，颗粒浓度随风量的增大而逐渐减小，随物料量的增大而增大；(4)颗粒浓度分布的不均匀性随风量的增大逐渐减小，随物料量的增加不断增大。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。