逐渐变化

The reaction mechanism between nickel ion and butynediols in the electroless plating process was analyzed. The results show that the change of BOZ concentration is a quasi first-order reaction, the change of the nickel ion concentration is related to the BOZ density, and this change belongs to a higher order reaction. The reaction rate equation was determined as dC/dt=-8.585×10^(-4)+1.188×10^(-4)t-4.64×10^(-6)t^2+5.8×10^(-8)t^3-2.3×10^(-11)t^4. The activation energy of this process decreases as temperature increases, and it decreases with the BOZ concentration as 64-423 mg/L, it increases with the BOZ concentration as 123~240 mg/L. The S value is positively correlated to temperature, when the temperature is 80℃, the reaction rate and S value are the largest; while when the temperature is above 80℃ and BOZ concentration is over 160 mg/L, S value and the reaction rate decrease gradually.

结果表明，镀液中BOZ浓度的变化是准一级反应，镍离子的浓度变化与BOZ的浓度有关，属多级反应，其反应速率方程为dC/dt=-8.585×10^(-4)+1.188×10^(-4)t-4.64×10^(-6)t^2+5.8×10^(-8)t^3-2.3×10^(-11)t^4，反应体系的活化能E随温度的升高而减少，随BOZ浓度的变化而变化：当BOZ浓度在64~123mg/L时，E线性减少；在123~240mg/L时E线性增加。S随温度的升高而增加，当温度达到80℃时S值最大，反应速度最大；当温度超过80℃，BOZ浓度大于160mg/L时，蝎的值逐渐减少，反应速度降低。

The shape of chloroplast didn't change after seedling was treated by GA〓, but the number of lamllasomes increased, and starch grain enhanced. These changes were accord to that of the rate of photosynthesis. Mitochondria varied greatly, the structure of mitochondria could see vaguely and carinace almost deliquesce after 4days. Enrolucrum emerged until the seventh day after treatment and endomembrance of mitochondria recovered gradually, cristae could be seen. On the other hand, the endomembrance of mitochondria in CK (normal non-bolting) was obvious and the quantity of cristae in the mitochondria was much more than the GA〓 treatment. This showed that respiration might decrease after GA〓 treatment while reduced the depletion of photosynthesis products and enhanced bolting.

GA〓处理后抽苔过程中叶绿体形状未发生变化，但类囊体增多，淀粉粒增多，这种变化与光合速率的变化吻合；线粒体变化较大，处理后4天线粒体结构较模糊，嵴不清晰，7天时外膜形成，内膜也逐渐恢复，能见到嵴，而对照线粒体内膜结构明显，嵴清晰数量也多，说明GA〓处理后，呼吸作用降低，减少光和产物的消耗；细胞膜无破损，较光滑完整，说明对细胞膜没有伤害。

Under the condition that the maximum index change at the core-cladding interface and absorption coefficient were constant, the numerical results indicated that the reflectivity of cross-mode coupling peak between LP_ 01 and LP_ 11 modes varies parabolically with the saturation length of index change.

仿真结果表明，在纤芯和包层边界的最大光致折射率变化量和纤芯吸收因子不变的情况下，随着纤芯折射率变化的饱和长度的增大，LP01和LP11模间的互耦合反射峰呈抛物线形变化，当饱和长度增大到一定值后，互耦合反射峰随饱和长度的增大而逐渐减小并最终消失；同阶LP模的自耦合反射峰随饱和长度的增大而增大。

The research work done is presented as follows:Compound dewatering technique of vacuum tube well is an effective technology for solving the dewatering problems of aquitard and interface relict water according to physical simulation test and field test. The variation laws, such as degree of vacuum, pore water pressure in different strata, have been studied. The results show that there is a certain scope of influence of vacuum in strata, and the vacuum degree in the horizontal direction decreases gradually with the increase of the distance from the main well; the change law of degree of vacuum in the vertical direction increases firstly and then decreases with the depth of soil strata, and changes with different soil nature and depth; changes of pore water pressure in soil strata has also shown a similar law of degree of vacuum.

主要研究工作如下：通过室内物理模拟试验和现场试验均证明了真空管井复合降水技术用于解决弱透水层和界面残留水疏干难题的有效性；并且对不同地层中真空度、孔隙水压力等变化规律进行了研究，发现地层中真空度均有一定的影响范围，且真空度在水平方向上随距主井距离的增加而逐渐降低；在垂直方向上真空度随深度总的规律是先增加后降低，并随土层性质及深度的不同而变化；土层内孔隙水压力也呈现出与真空度类似的变化规律。

This paper has studied the physiological and biochemical changes during the period of forming strong buds of tree peony, and expect to provide academic basis for extending its view value and economic benefit . The main results are as the following:1 Under the field condition, Characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony are very regular. From before blooming to the prophase of abducting buds that after blooming ,that is April,May and June,the net photosynthetic rate of tree peony is higher than the other period .It indicates that this period is very important for accumulating photosynthetic products of tree peony . So, if we want to get quality flower of tree peony ,it is very important to strengthen the management of tree peony cultivation and to ensure provide the fertilizer and water.2 From the middle ten days of June, with the time elapsing and with the environment conditions worsening, the characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony decline deeply. But it is different among different tree peony breeds. For example , cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng can also has higher net photosynthetic rate, it indicates that cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng is super than the other two tree peony breeds when adapting the environment conditions and cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng has wide prospect to extend .3 The main factors of effecting the characteristics of photosynthesis are stomatal factor and non-stomatal factor ,that is the ability of photosynthesis of leaf cells. Under the environment of high light intensity in midsummer, if overshadow tree peony properly, then it can slow the declining of chlorophyll content, and increase the net photosynthetic rate and benefit for the accumulating of photosynthetic products.4 The content of soluble sugar in the root of tree peony is the highest among different organs during the period of forming strong buds . According to analyse ,we believe that the soluble sugar will compose starch then, and provide the solid base of material for the growth and development next year. It provide us strong academic basis of adopting the method of cultivating root and protecting root under thefield environment conditions .In other words ,it will help to increase the health level of the whole plant of tree peony and will be beneficial to forming quality tree peony flower if we strengthen the management of root. 5 To tree peony, the endogenesis hormone is important for its growth and development .In the prophase ,that is about the blooming of tree peony and the mid-summer ,IAA and ZR contents are higher and GA content is lower and its changes are very little, and the content of ABA is decreasing . This indicates that IAA and ZR act the important promote function for growth and development of tree peony in this period, and the function of GA is not important. Bur in the period of anniversary senescence of tree peony , the content of IAA and ZR begin to decrease ,while the ABA content has a certain rebound .T

本研究对几个牡丹品种壮芽形成过程中的某些生理生化变化做了研究，以期了解牡丹生长发育过程中生理生化的变化规律，探讨大田栽培条件下提高牡丹花质量的栽培措施和管理技术，为提高牡丹的观赏价值和经济效益提供理论依据，结果如下：1 大田栽培条件下，牡丹光合特性在生长发育过程中表现出极强的规律性，牡丹各品种的光合速率从牡丹开花前，到牡丹花谢后的花芽诱导期前期（6月10日之前），也就是在4、5、6月份，各牡丹品种的净光合速率相对与其他时间都维持在比较高的水平，这说明，在这段时间，是牡丹光合产物积累的重要时期，因此，要保证得到高质量的牡丹花，在这段时间加强对牡丹的栽培管理，保证这个时期的肥水供应十分重要。2 从6月中旬后，随时间的推移，环境条件的恶化，牡丹的光合性能剧烈下降，但是不同牡丹品种间仍有差异，比如，乌龙捧盛仍可维持较高的光合水平，这说明了乌龙捧盛这个牡丹品种对于环境的适应性较之其他牡丹品种高，有着广泛的推广前景。3 影响牡丹光合性能的主要因子是气孔因素和非气孔因素即叶肉细胞的光合能力，在盛夏高温高光强的环境条件下，对牡丹进行适当遮荫，能缓解牡丹叶绿素水平的下降，适当提高Pn，有利于光合产物的积累。4 可溶性糖在牡丹各品种的壮芽形成过程中，根中可溶性糖的含量在牡丹各部位中始终维持最高水平，分析认为这些可溶性糖在根系中进一步合成淀粉等储藏性物质，为来年牡丹的生长提供雄厚的物质基础，这为我们在大田栽培条件下对牡丹采取养根护根的栽培措施提供了有力的理论依据，即在大田栽培条件下，加强对牡丹根系的管理，有助于提高牡丹整株的健壮程度，有益于形成高质量的牡丹花。5内源激素对牡丹的生长发育调节作用是十分明显的，在前期，即开花前后和盛夏，IAA和ZR含量维持在比较高的水平，GA含量低且变化不明显，ABA含量逐渐降低，说明了IAA和ZR对牡丹在这段时间内的生长发育起到重要的促进作用，GA的作用不是很明显，ABA可能在高温高光强下有明显的升高，也说明了ABA的确有一些促进作用，但是到了牡丹周年衰老期，IAA和ZR的含量开始下降，ABA含量却有了一定程度的反弹，说明了IAA和ZR的作用开始降低，ABA起到了促进衰老的作用

To compare the temperature diversity by collecting and analysing these infrared thermogram data. Results: While the operator just put their hands to the back of the quizzee for 3 minutes, the temperature of Xinshu and Dazhu rised and then descent gradually; But the temperature rised all the same about another 3 minutes while the operater using the vibrating manipulation; The temperature of Laogong and Zhongchong rised gradually, especially in 120 seconds and 90 seconds after using the vibrating manipulation.

结果：三组操作者在空置后3min，心俞穴和大杼穴处温度均出现变化，且与操作前温度有显著差别(P.05)；在空置3min后，被操作者的心俞处以及大杼处的温度呈自然下降趋势；而在行掌振法时，被操作者心俞处以及大杼处的温度变化，不仅发生在3min后，而且可延续到振法停止后的1min到3min内，与操作前温度相比，有显著差别(P.05)；在空振中，高年资医师的劳宫处和中冲处温度呈现逐渐上升趋势，在振法进行到90s时，中冲处温度出现显著变化，与开始温度相比，有显著差别(P.05)，而劳宫处的温度则是在120s时，出现显著变化，与开始温度相比，有显著差别(P.05)。

The plastic go down the hopper smoothly and is gripped by the thread of the screw. It is forced to go toward the direction of the gear end along with the rotation of the screw. A mechanical transferring process is formed. During the running of the plastic from the feed port to gear end, a high pressure is formed in the process of plastic curing due to the gradual decreasing of the thread depth and the resistance of filter gauze, splitter plate and gear end. The high pressure helps to press the raw material and improve its heat conductivity performance and the quick melting of the plastic, at the same time, the gradual increasing pressure can help the gas which is among material particles exhausted from the air holes.

在压力升高的同时，塑料一方面被外部加热，另一方面塑料本身在压缩、剪切、搅拌的运动过程中，由于内磨擦力也产生了大量的热，在外力和内力的联合作用下，塑料温度逐渐增高，其物理状态也经历了玻璃态--高弹态--粘流态的变化，一般地说来，在加料段中主要是玻璃态，在螺杆螺纹逐渐减少的中间部分压缩段中，物料主要处于高弹状态，同时也逐渐的熔融，而物料到压缩段后部和化段作用处于粘流态了，这时我们称塑料已完全塑化了，由螺杆推力作用将塑化的塑料定压定量的从机头中挤出。

With reforming ratio increasing,the maximal temperature and thermal efficiency of theory cycle is increasing,but the maximal pressure would be decreasing with reforming ratio increasing due to influence of moles.5 Kit experiment results of RE compared to that of hydrous-ethanol vapor engine are studied.

随着重整率的提高，理想循环的最高温度逐渐增大，由于分子体积变化系数的影响，循环最大压力随着重整率的提高逐渐下降；随着重整率的提高，循环热效率逐渐增加。5对比分析了RE发动机和VE发动机台架试验结果。

The results showed that with the increase of nitride partial pressure in the range of 2. 0～8. 0×10〓Pa, the hardness of NbN, TaN single layer films decreased, but the hardness of TiN films kept unchanged. The crystal structure of TaN films changed from the mixture of tetragonal β-Ta and faced-center cubic δ-TaN to hexagonal TaN and that of NbN films from FCC δ-NbN to hexagonal ε-NbN. The crystal structure of TiN films is FCC in all the range of partial pressure researched.

研究结果表明：在2.0～8.0×10〓pa的氮分压之间，随氮分压的升高，TaN和NbN薄膜硬度下降，而TiN薄膜的硬度值不随氮分压的变化而变化；TaN薄膜的相结构由低氮分压时的正方β-Ta和面心δ-TaN所组成的两相混合物过渡到六方TaN结构，NbN薄膜则由面心立方结构的δ-NbN逐渐过渡到六方结构ε-NbN，而TiN薄膜的晶体结构基本不随氮分压的变化而变化，均为面心立方结构。

Based on the study of chronology and geochemistry of Cd in sediments of the Dongting lake area, we have established an ARIMA model of Cd and Cd/Ca in Quaternary and Holocene period respectively, and discussed Cd evolutionary regularity according to the fitted value and predicted value of the model The results revealed that the Cd evolution has remarkable periodicity of ecogeochemistry cycles, and is correlated with the climate change of alternative cold and warm Cd/Ca is changed with climate, from which the evolutionary history of regional ecogeochemistry can be inferred The changes of Cd and Cd/Ca are basically simultaneous, which showed that the change of Cd is mainly a natural evolution Cd in sediments will rise in the next 30 years and then tend to decrease From the regularity of ecogeochemistry indexes and global environment variation, it is concluded that the natural environment is the dominant factor affecting the Cd deposition

在对洞庭湖区沉积物钻探取样的年代学和地球化学研究基础上，分别建立第四纪和全新世时期Cd和Cd/Ca的时间序列演化ARIMA模型，并据模型的拟合值及未来预测值对区域地球化学环境中Cd的演化规律进行了探讨，结果显示区内Cd的演化有较显著的周期性--环境地球化学旋回，与气候多次冷暖的交替有关；沉积物Cd/Ca受气候环境等控制，分析该比值的变化规律可推测区域环境地球化学的演变历史；Cd和Cd/Ca两者的变化基本同步，说明该区Cd的演化主要为自然演化；未来30年内沉积层的Cd含量仍有逐渐增高的趋势，之后转为降低。从本区环境地球化学指标的时间变化规律及其与全球环境变化的相关联中说明自然条件是区域镉等元素沉积的主控因素。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。