逐渐变化

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

The thesis investigated the history of rural industry structure evolution ＆remanent Labor migration since reform and opening to find the characteristic and deficiency of them.

研究表明，广东省改革开放二十余年来，农村产业结构发生巨大变化，农村第一产业的产值比重逐渐下降，就业比重也如此：从事传统农业生产的剩余劳动力逐渐转向农村第二与第三产业。

There are two evolutional trends for sodic basalts: alkaline basalt to sub-alkaline basalt and to the contrary. The fact that alkaline basalt has the higher concentration of incompatible elements and the sub-alkaline lower indicates the increasing degree of the partial melting in the mantle sources. The variety of Sr, Nd isotope compositions in different types of rocks shows their different mantle sources.

钠质玄武岩存在着碱性玄武岩到亚碱性玄武岩和亚碱性玄武岩到碱性玄武岩的变化序列；碱性玄武岩到亚碱性玄武岩不相容元素丰度逐渐降低，表明为部分熔融程度逐渐增高的产物；Sr、Nd同位素组成与岩性之间的相关性表明，各种岩浆是不同地幔源区部分熔融的产物。

With the freeway volumes and natural environment, property of flexible pavements deteriorates gradually owing to asphalt aging and aggregate finning and structure changing of asphalt pavement.

硕士毕业设计道路沥青的老化与再生研究（共69页，34156字）摘要在交通载荷和自然因素的作用下，由于沥青逐渐老化、混合料集料细化以及路面受力结构层的变化，沥青路用性能逐渐恶化，甚至严重影响行车安全。

Numerical forecasts call for very diverse scenarios after t+48, with some recurving the system to the north/northeast while both ECMWF and NGP predict that PARMA will enter the South China Sea via the northern tip of Luzon. After t+96, PARMA's track might be influenced by the interaction between typhoon MELOR and itself.

各数值模式对芭玛於 t+48 后的路径出现重大分歧：部分模式指芭玛将逐渐转向偏北/东北，而 ECMWF 跟 NGP 模式均指芭玛可能透过吕宋北部进入南海。96 小时后，由於台风茉莉逐渐靠近，它们间的相互影响可能令芭玛的路径出现变化。

The phosphorus forms and BAP vary with horizontal and vertical positions. The total phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, BAY, and iron-phosphorus contents were high at a depth of 0~20 cm at the first sampling point, and then decreased at 20-40 cm of depth. This shows that the potential release capacity of P at 0-20 cm of depth is higher. The concentrations of total phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus decreased at 0~20 cm of depth and increased at 20~40 cm of depth at the second sampling point, but BAY and Fe-P increased along with the depth consistently. This shows that the deeper layer at the second sampling point had a higher potential release capacity of phosphorus.

不同地点沉积物各磷形态和BAP的垂向变化有较大的差异。1号采样点的总磷、无机磷、铁磷和BAP质量比在沉积0~20 cm处较高，20~40 cm逐渐减小，说明0~20 cm内释磷潜力较大；2号采样点的总磷和无机磷质量比先减小，20~40 cm逐渐增加，而BAP和铁磷质量比随深度增加呈上升趋势，说明2点深层具有较大的释磷潜力。

The ultrastructure of crystal idioblasts changed during the maturing of leaves, the plastids were gradually degenerated while cytoplasm matrix was gradually dry.

叶片成熟过程中，结晶细胞超微结构发生变化，质体逐渐退化，胞基质逐渐干缩。

The ultrastructure of crystal idioblasts changed during the maturing of leaves,the plastids were gradully disppeared while cytoplasmic was gradully dry .

叶片成熟过程中，结晶细胞超微结构发生变化，质体逐渐退化，胞基质逐渐干缩。

The experimental results show that at a constant system pressure, the weight percent of millets distributed into the collector B (connecting with the moving branch) decreases with increasing superficial air velocity with a constant angle betwe...

试验结果表明，在发送压力基本保持不变的条件下，当活动支与主管间夹角不变时，分配到活动支侧收料仓B的固相颗粒质量分数随表观气速的增大而逐渐减小；当活动支与主管间夹角发生改变时，分配到收料仓B的固相颗粒质量分数随夹角的增大而逐渐减小，且相较于表观气速，活动支与主管间夹角的变化对分配到收料仓B的固相颗粒质量分数影响较大。

The metabolism of protein and nitrate nitrogen in tobacco leaf during curing was studied by using the electric-heated flue-curing barn designed and made by Henan Agricultural University in which the temperature and moisture were controlled automatically.The results indicated that the content of protein decreased gradually while the content of amino acid increased with the proceeding of curing.And either of them had a rapid-changing stage in the middle of yellowing period and color-fixing period.The activity of proteinase reached the peak respectively after curing 24 hours and 60 hours.

对烘烤过程中烤烟烟叶蛋白质与硝酸盐代谢规律的研究表明，蛋白质含量随烘烤进程发展逐渐减少，氨基酸含量逐渐增加，且均在变黄中期和定色期有一个快速变化阶段；烤后烟叶中氨基酸和可溶性蛋白的含量与鲜叶中可溶性蛋白的含量呈高度正相关；蛋白酶活性在烘烤开始后24h有一个高峰。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了