透析器

Dialysis membrane is the chief component of dialyzer, the physicochemical properties of dialysis membrane determine the dialysis and its biocompatibility has a direct impact on the life quality and survival rate of hemodialysis patients.

透析膜是透析器的主要构成部分，透析膜的理化特性决定着透析效果，透析膜的生物相容性直接关系到血液透析患者的生活质量与生存率。

APTT of 26 patients evaluated before and during hemodialysis,complications and coagulation of dialyzer of standard heparin and low molecular weight heparin were observed.

对26例维持血液透析患者分别用速避凝(n=10)和普通肝素(n=16)进行抗凝，分别测定透析前、透析2h和透析4h的APTT，并观察透析器凝血情况和透析后穿刺部位压迫时间及两者的出血并发症的发生率。

RESULTS The average bacteriacolony forming unit per milliliter in dialysis fluid from the dialyzer inlet , outlet and reverse osmosis was 486 CFU/ ml ,490 CFU/ ml and 103 CFU/ ml , respectively. The common isolated bacteria were Bacillus subtilis , diphtheroid bacilliand some Gram2negative bacilli.

结果 透析器入口处透析液的平均菌落数为486 CFU/ ml ，透析器出口处透析液的平均菌落数为490 CFU/ ml ，反渗水的平均菌落数为103 CFU/ ml ，常见细菌为枯草杆菌、类白喉杆菌及某些革兰阴性杆菌。

The highest and lowest values of mean arterial pressure during hemodialysis, the fluctuating range of MAP, degree of dialyser clotting, the incidence of chilly, fever, and other complications were recorded.

记录每次透析中每位患者最高、最低平均动脉压，严重高血压、低血压、畏寒、发热、透析器凝血等不良反应发生次数，连续记录25次，并与同组透析患者未应用个体化透析液温度处方前25次的透析结果进行比较。

Methods: Forty-two maintenance hemodialysis patients were randomly divided into two groups (twenty-one patients each group): in treatment group high-flux dialysers were used, and in control group, low-flux dialysers were used. They were treated for 12 weeks. The clinical symptom, blood β2 microglobulin (β2-M), paratyyroid hormone, serum phosphate, albumin, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen were determined respectively before and after the treatment.

选择42例维持性血液透析患者，治疗组和对照组各21例，治疗组采用面积为1.8 m2的高通量透析器，对照组采用面积为1.3 m2的普通透析器，连续观察12周，分析患者症状改善情况，并测定首次透析前及12周后的血β2微球蛋白(β2-M)、甲状旁腺素、血磷、清蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮等指标。

METHODS: The serum levels of sCD23 in uremic patients during hemodialysis were measured by double antibody with ELISA. Three kinds of dialyzers (cellulose acetat, hemophan and polysulfone) were used. The patients were divided into first use and reuse groups.

采用双抗体夹心ELISA法，对尿毒症维持性血液透析患者采用醋酸纤维素膜、血仿膜和聚砜膜透析器进行透析，分为初用组和复用组检测透析过程中不同透析时间患者血清sCD23水平的变化。

As hollow fiber membranes thickness are different, yet urea clearance rate in simulation solution is relatively high, which can reach more than 64% and little difference among them; the BSA have a relatively high rejection, which can be achieved over 98%. There is a certain difference in the Lysozyme clearance rate, the smaller thickness, the higher the rate of removal, and the removal rate of 10μm thickness of the membrane is 29%. The clearance rates of urea were very high using different fiber diameter dialyzers, at around 80%. Urea clearance ratecan reach to the highest 88.6% using 0.26mm fiber diameter dialyzer. The clearance rates of Lysozyme vary greatly, the smaller the diameter, the higher clearance rate, and the highest removal rate of lysozyme is 62.79% using 0.26mm fiber diameter dialyzer. However, there is little impact on the rejection of BSA, which can reach 98%.

不同壁厚中空纤维膜透析器对模拟液中尿素的清除率均可达到64％以上，且差异不大，对牛血清白蛋白的截留率均可达到98％以上，对溶菌酶的清除率有一定的差异，壁厚越小清除率越高，壁厚为10μm的膜对溶菌酶的清除率为29％；不同纤维内径透析器对尿素的清除率均在80％左右，纤维内径为0.26mm的透析器对尿素的清除率最高，达到88.6％，对溶菌酶的清除率差别很大，内径越小，清除率越高，内径为0.26mm的透析器对溶菌酶的清除率达到62.8％，对牛血清白蛋白的截留影响很小，截留率都能达到98％以上。

Methods: To observe the infection condition,54 maintenance hemodialysis patients in our blood purification center were divided into two groups,one group used disposable coil dialyzers seperately;the other group shared reusage coil dialyzers.

选取我院54例血液净化中心长期维持性血透的尿毒症患者，将其分为一次性管道透析器及分透析机组和重复使用管道透析器及共用透析机组，观察气感染情况。

Using Renalin100 to disinfect the reused dialyzer and Renatro PA 100 to reuse the dialyzers, using the dialyzers of anti-HCV IgM positive patients once, reusing the dialyzers of anti-HCVIgG positive patients seperately with those of anti-HCVIgG negative patients, could prevent HCV infection. The way is safe and effective.

应用Renalin100作为复用透析器的杀菌剂，采用Renatro PA 100全自动复用机进行透析器复用，HCVIgM阳性患者透析器一次性应用，HCVIgG阳性透析器复用，但与阴性患者透析器分机复用处理和隔离储存，对防止血液净化中心的复用透析器患者HCV交叉感染有效。

Methods Dialyzers were reused with Renalin 100 as disinfectant and Renatro PA 100 The dialyzers of HCV Igm positive patients were for single use.Dialyzers of anti HW IgG positive patients were reused and stored seperately with those of anti-HW IgG negative patients.

应用Renalin100作为复用透析器的杀菌剂，采用Renatro PA 100全自动复用机进行透析器复用，HCVIgM阳性患者透析器一次性应用，HCVIgG阳性透析器复用，但与阴性患者透析器分机复用处理和隔离储存。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。