逆行

Methods To compare the accuracy of diagnosis of MRU with ultrasonography,urographyKUB+IVP）,retrograde ureteropyelography and CT,diagnostic imaging and progress of ureteral carcinoma were analyzed in twenty-four cases from 2000 to 2006,twenty cases had MRU examinations.The original preoperative diagnostic reports of various imaging facilities were analyzed on account of the results of operation and pathology.

分析2000～2006年24例原发性输尿管肿瘤的影像学诊断结果，并基于术中所见和病理报告，将磁共振水成像技术20例）与超声24例）、泌尿系造影24例）、逆行造影15例）、CT(19例）的确诊率相比较。

Results MRU could clearly show the obstructive location of ureter.With regard to the ureteral carcinoma,accuracy of the location diagnosis was 100%.MRU was superior to ulstrasonography,KUB+IVP,ureteropyelography and CT we used to apply.

结果 MRU能清晰显示输尿管的梗阻部位，定位诊断准确率为100%，梗阻病因确诊率高于B超、泌尿系造影、逆行造影和CT检查。

Ultrasonographymay be preliminary diagnostic method for ureteral carcinoma because it can showhydronephrosis,retrograde ureteropyelography and CT scanning were main diagnostic measures before operation.

残余段输尿管+膀胱部分切除术2例。结论 B超发现肾积水可作为初步筛选检查，逆行输尿管插管造影、CT是术前诊断输尿管癌的重要手段。

Results MRU could clearly show the obstructive location of ureter.With regard to the ureteral carcinoma,accuracy of the location diagnosis was 100%.MRU was superior to ulstrasonography,KUB+IVP,ureteropyelography and CT we used to apply.

结果 MRU能清晰显示输尿管的梗阻部位，定位诊断准确率 100%，梗阻病因确诊率高于B超、泌尿系造影、逆行造影和CT检查。

ConclusionIts diagnostic accuracy might be improved by combined use of many diagnostic means before surgery. Among those methods, B-ultrasound was the first line diagnostic method , IVP、retrograde ureteropyelography were the main diagnostic method. Ureterorenoscopy were the most important diagmostic method.

结论综合多种检查方法可提高原发性输尿管的确诊率：超声诊断简便无创、可重复，为首选方法；IVP、逆行输尿管肾盂造影是主要检查方法：输尿管镜检查应作为今后重点。

The common symptom was painless gross hematuria.The main diagnostic met hods were cystoscopy, retrograde ureteropyelography and ureteroscopy.Operation was chief treatment measure.17 in 28 cases were followed-up.9 patients were su rvival with no tumor, the others died.

首发症状以肉眼血尿最常见，膀胱镜检、逆行输尿管造影和输尿管镜检查是最重要的诊断方法，治疗以手术为主。28例中17例获得随访，其中9例无瘤生存，8例死亡。

Under the DSA perspective goes against the flow the ureter expansion to add the pair "J" the tube to post the treatment ureterostenosis is safe effective.

DSA 透视下逆行输尿管扩张加双&J&管置入治疗输尿管狭窄是安全有效的。

Ureteroscopy was applied to treat 1200 cases which incelluded ureteral stones in 1010 cases (146 cases in upper, 344 cases in middle. 520 cases in lower),ureteral strictures in 18 ureteral double catheter stagnation in 38, urethral stricture in 38, bladder calculi in 41, pelvis calculi in 8, ureterovaginal fistula in 5 and others.

其中行输尿管镜治疗者1200例，包括输尿管结石1010例，其中上段结石146例、中段344例、下段520例；输尿管狭窄18例；医源性双J管滞留38例；男性尿道狭窄38例；膀胱尿道结石41例；肾盂结石8例；输尿管阴道漏5例；小儿逆行输尿管插管20例；内支架管置入22例。

To evaluate the value of urethral retrograde contrast sonography in the diagnosis of urethral diseases.

目的：探讨逆行尿道声学造影在尿道疾病方面的诊断价值。

If urethral injury is suspected, urethral integrity should be confirmed by a retrograde urethrogram before the catheter is inserted.

如果怀疑有尿道损伤，在置管前应先行逆行性尿道造影以确定尿道的完整性。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。