逆行

Objective: To explore the renal damage effect of flushing Sodium Chloride into pelvis unilaterally at constant intrapelvic pressure, and provide a theory basis for clinical practice for the treat of upper urinary tract diseases by endoscope.

目的：研究兔单侧输尿管逆行恒压灌注后对肾脏的影响，为临床评价内腔镜操作所致肾脏的改变提供理论依据。

Methods: Fifty rabbits underwent left tube ureterocutaneostomy as a method of urinary diversion, all rabbits were divided randomly into five groups: the flushing group perfused immediately after ureterocutaneostomy, and the intrapelvic pressure is 60, 80, 100, 120 cmH2O, but the sham operated group didn't flush. Urinary albumin were examined every day after operation, we also got pathological examination of nephridial tissue continually.

分别建立左侧输尿管皮肤造口的动物模型：健康家兔50只，随机分为5组（每组10只），假手术组只造瘘不灌注，灌注组输尿管造瘘后立即行逆行灌注，灌注压力分别为60、80、100、120 cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa)，术后每天留取尿标本定量测定尿白蛋白，连续取肾组织行病理检查监测兔肾形态学改变。

Methods All operation were performed in normal radioparent operatingtable,an 8cm incision is located in fibular of the patella ligament, drill in the femoral intercondylar ,the fracture is manipulatively reducted with the knee flexion, enlarging the medulla ,then interlocking intramedullary nail is inserted.

手术均在能透视的普通手术台进行，于髌韧带外侧缘做8 cm的切口，经股骨髁间窝开孔，膝关节屈曲手法复位，依次扩髓，逆行穿入带锁钉。

Immunofluorescence histochemistry combined with retrograde tracing technique was employed to observe the effects of masseteric nerve transection on the expression of Trk ( tropomyosin-related kinase) receptor proteins, namely TrkA, TrkB and TrkC in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Me5) of the rat.

本研究应用免疫荧光结合逆行束路追踪技术观察了轴突切断对支配咬肌的三叉神经中脑核(Me5)神经元所含Trk受体蛋白，即TrkA、TrkB和TrkC表达的影响。

METHODS: The spiral modiolar artery in guinea pig cochlea was exposed by microsurgery, then the fluorogold or horseradish peroxidase was given around the SMA for retrograde tracing.

在正常豚鼠单侧耳蜗螺旋蜗轴动脉局部滴加逆行追踪剂辣根过氧化物酶或荧光金，观察双侧交感颈上神经节、星状神经节内HRP或FG逆标神经元的分布；采用逆标与免疫组化相结合的双重标记方法观察追踪阳性神经元是否表达酪氨酸羟化酶、神经肽Y、钙基因相关肽或P物质。

Methods: the spiral modiolar artery in guinea pig cochlea was exposed by microsurgery, then the fluorogold or horseradish peroxidase was given around the sma for retrograde tracing. the bilateral superior cervical ganglia and stellate ganglia were observed to find retrogradely labeled neurons. the neurotransmitters of these sympathetic fibers around sma were ascertained by using retrograde tracing combined with immunohistochemical double labeled technique.

在正常豚鼠单侧耳蜗螺旋蜗轴动脉局部滴加逆行追踪剂辣根过氧化物酶或荧光金，观察双侧交感颈上神经节、星状神经节内hrp或fg逆标神经元的分布；采用逆标与免疫组化相结合的双重标记方法观察追踪阳性神经元是否表达酪氨酸羟化酶、神经肽y、钙基因相关肽或p物质。

The reversed island fibular musculocutaneous flap provide a new method for repairing the severe heel defect, especially in full defect of calcaneus and cuboid bone.

逆行岛状腓骨肌皮瓣可修复足跟严重缺损，尤其为跟骨及骰骨完全缺失者提供了一种新方法。

With 3 months to 1 year tollow-up, no clinical presentation and complication observed in all cases, the nephrohydrosis was relieved and no stricture found in anastomosis according to imaging findings after operation.

结论对不明原冈的右肾及上段输尿管积水者应考虑有本病的可能，IVU、逆行尿路造影和磁共振尿路造影是主要诊断方法，其中磁共振尿路造影是理想的非侵入性诊断方法。

Methods: From February 2002 to June 2006, 27 patients with upper urinary obstruction due to retroperitoneal fibrosis post-treatment of tumor, under went procedures including retrograde ureteral catheterization, intraluminal ureterotomy and/or balloon dilation, and percutaneous nephrostomy. The efficacy and major complications were summarized.

收集本院2002年l月至2006年6月的27例恶性肿瘤经治疗后发现腹膜后纤维化导致上尿路梗阻的患者，分别接受了经尿道逆行输尿管插管、输尿管狭窄内切开和／或扩张及经皮肾造瘘治疗，总结其疗效和主要并发症。

The ureteroscopic holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy can he the first choice for the post-renal acute renal failure associated with upper urinary tract stones, due to its safety and efficiency. At the same time, retrograde intubation under cystoscope and percutaneous nephrostomy will be helpful.

上尿路梗阻是肾后性急性肾功能衰竭的主要原因，如能明确是结石引起的肾后性肾功能衰竭，应首选输尿管镜下钬激光碎石并置管引流；如不能明确，膀胱镜下逆行插管和经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流也是可行的急诊有效方法。

I will endeavour to find you some assistance.

我尽力帮你找人帮忙。

At first I only know bruck is the idol of American younglings, afterwards I returned back to Taiwan ,even in Beijing last year ,I saw her poster everywhere, I was so surprised at her charm.

起初我只晓得布鲁克雷德丝是美国少男少女崇拜的偶像，后来回台湾，甚至去年在北京，居然也四处看见她的海报，才惊讶她的魅力之大。