逆向

OBJECTIVE: To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of a mandibular molar with dental implant inserted in mandibular molar area using reverse engineering, and to provide mathematical model basis for biomechanics researches of stomatology.

目的：利用逆向工程快速建立含下颌磨牙种植义齿的颌骨三维有限元模型，为口腔生物力学的研究提供数学模型基础。

Surface reconstruction is of great importance in a variety of situations.

曲面重建是逆向工程中的关键技术，在许多领域都有重要应用。

Our study provides evidence that in human cells abscission is coordinated with the completion of chromosome segregation to protect against tetraploidization by furrow regression.

此项研究表明人体细胞的切割作用，与染色体隔离的完整性协同，保护染色体免于逆向作用导致的四倍体化。

The converse project of the software regeneration project means to analyze the present system and to build a higher expressive form than code abstract level.

软件再生工程中的逆向工程是指对现有系统进行分析，以最大的努力去建立比代码抽象层次更高的表达形式。

With the new development pattern, communication between designer and products, timely man-machine technology test and evaluation of design can also be realized.

接着就逆向工程在工业设计流程中的优化作用做研究，提出基于逆向开发模式中的产品开发能使流程得到优化，实现设计师与产品的互动，并利于产品的人机工程学测试和产品的设计评价。

However, as time goes by, new anti- reversing techniques are constantly added into packers to prevent reversers from analyzing the protected executable and preventing a successful unpack.

然而，随着时间的推移，新的反逆向技术不断的被应用到加壳软件中，来阻止逆向者们分析被保护的程序和防止程序被成功脱壳。

We performed a simulative test, which confirms that wavelet analysis can separate annual wobble and Chandler wobble. Our results show that this method can be used in astronomical geodynamies effectively. This paper is divided into two parts. The first is about statistic characteristic of polar motion. Polar motion includes secular motion, long period fluctuations, Chandler wobble, annual wobble and high frequency wobble. The secular motion is 3.4mas/year and towards 760W meridian. Long period fluctuations have difference periods in x-axis and y-axis. They are 31.7-year and 24-year in x-axis and 28.5-year and 22.9-year in y-axis. These 2~? decades fluctuations have an amplitude of about 30 mas , and are very nearly linearly polarized, with the observed motion of pole being almost entirely along a line between 360E and 1440W. There is a 55.4-year wobble whose amplitude is 9 mas. The amplitude of the interannual fluctuations is about 4? mas. The amplitude of long period fluctuations decreased after 1970. The annual wobble is a steady wobble. It retrograde wobble is only 1/20 of prograde wobble in amplitude.

本文的工作主要分为两部分：第一部分是通过分析POLE97序列，我们对极移的统计特性有了一个较全面的认识，极移主要包括趋势项、长周期项、Chandler项、周年项和高频项：趋势项的方向是西经76°，速度为每年3.4mas；长周期项中Markowitz 项在X、Y两个方向有不同的周期，它们分别是：X方向的两个周期是31.7年和24 年，Y方向的两个周期为28.5年和22.9年它们叠加在一起是一个线偏振运动，最大振幅约为30mas，偏振方向在西经144°和东经36°之间；极移的长周期波动中还存在一个 55.4年周期的圆周运动，振幅约为9mas；十年尺度变化的振幅在4～6mas之间，在Y 方向十年尺度的成份比较多，它们的周期在X方向和Y方向不是对应的；从七十年代年开始长周期变化的振幅明显降低；周年项是一个振幅稳定的摆动，在X、Y两个方向的振幅略有差别，逆向运动振幅大约为顺向运动振幅的1/20；Chandler摆动的振幅自1900年以来经历了几次较大的变化，其中包括1915年和1955年两次极大值，振幅分别达到0&。25和0&。28，以及1925～1940期间小于0.09的过程，Chandler项在X、Y 两个方向的振幅几乎完全相等，其逆向运动振幅不到顺向运动振幅的1/50。

Researching on the actuality of reverse engineering and the usage of it, in the authors opinion, it is required to process original data satisfying the requirements of CAD/CAM software; and it is worth to emphasize the research work on curve and surface construction methods, to develop relative data-process software.

通过对逆向工程当前研究现状及实际应用情况的分析研究，指出逆向工程当前需要解决的关键问题是对原始测量数据进行必要的处理，使其适应CAD/CAM软件造型的数据要求；同时对曲线、曲面构形方法也需加强研究，并开发相应的数据处理软件。

Based on its present status, a three-layer wheel-shaped conceptual framework is put forward, which is composed of a conception level, an enabler level and an infrastructure level. In the first level, the connotation, elements, classification, basic characteristics, research contents and operation obstacles of reverse logistics are addressed in detail.

分析了概念框架的研究现状，提出了一种具有概念层、使能层以及支撑层三层结构的轮形逆向物流概念架构；概念层详细论述了逆向物流的基本内涵、组成要素、分类、主要特征、研究内容以及实施障碍。

At present, there had many scholars to conduct the research to the reverse logistics, but the majority of research results all concentrate in overseas; Domestic research results are very few to the reverse logistics research, in particular, from closed loop supply chain angle.

目前，虽然已有很多学者对逆向物流进行了研究，但是大部分的研究成果都集中在国外；国内对逆向物流的研究很少，尤其是从闭环供应链的角度研究的更少。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。