适度的

Persistence of grazing mixed pasture has been a key issue in environment conservation and sustainable utilizing of resources in karst region. Under moderate grazing with Corriedale sheep, the productivity and botanical composition of Trifolium pratense mixtures were studied over a 20-year period in karst region of southwest China. Four mixtures consisted of Trifolium pr...

用考力代绵羊轮牧，在牧前和牧后草地现存量(干物质，DM，drymatter)分别为1800~2500(草层高15~18cm)和900~1200kg·hm-2(草层高3~5cm)的适度放牧利用条件下，对亚热带最常见的豆科牧草红三叶与禾本科牧草的两两混播草地的群落生产力和持久性开展长期研究。20年的结果表明：适度放牧利用下，群落地上总生物量长期稳定，各组合间差异不显著，总盖度20a后仍高达97%以上；适度放牧有利于牧草的生产力持久性，红三叶、鸭茅、多年生黑麦草和黑穗画眉草都在群落中长期存在；群落净产量和持久性是尺度依赖的，群落长期净生产力以红三叶+鸭茅的最高(DM产量353.3g·m-2·a-1)(P.05)，对杂草侵入的抵抗力最强，而前10a红三叶+多年生黑麦草有很高的净生产力DM产量449.8g·m-2·a。。。

Derivatives also create a daisy-chain risk that is akin to the risk run by insurers or reinsurers that lay off much of their business with others. In both cases, huge receivables from many counterparties tend to build up over time.(At Gen Re Securities, we still have $6.5 billion of receivables, though we've been in a liquidation mode for nearly a year.) A participant may see himself as prudent, believing his large credit exposures to be diversified and therefore not dangerous. Under certain circumstances, though, an exogenous event that causes the receivable from Company A to go bad will also affect those from Companies B through Z. History teaches us that a crisis often causes problems to correlate in a manner undreamed of in more tranquil times.

衍生性金融商品交易也有可能造成骨牌效应的风险，这是因为许多保险业及再保业者习惯将风险分散给其它保险公司，在这类的情况下，钜额的应收款项将随着交易对象的日趋复杂而持续累积，(以通用再保证券来说，虽然已经经过将近一年的清算期，目前仍有高达65亿美元的应收款项流通在外)，交易的一方或许对于自己相当有信心，认为其钜额的信用风险已经经过适度的分散，因此不会发生任何危险，只有等到某种特殊状况下，一个外部事件导致 A 公司的应收帐款发生问题，从而影响 B 公司，乃至于一路到 Z 公司，历史教训告诉我们危机的发生往往是我们在太平盛世时所梦想不到一连串问题串连所导致的。

The need to meet this demand can then throw the company into a liquidity crisis that may, in some cases, trigger still more downgrades. It all becomes a spiral that can lead to a corporate meltdown. Derivatives also create a daisy-chain risk that is akin to the risk run by insurers or reinsurers that lay off much of their business with others. In both cases, huge receivables from many counterparties tend to build up over time.(At Gen Re Securities, we still have $6.5 billion of receivables, though we've been in a liquidation mode for nearly a year.) A participant may see himself as prudent, believing his large credit exposures to be diversified and therefore not dangerous. Under certain circumstances, though, an exogenous event that causes the receivable from Company A to go bad will also affect those from Companies B through Z. History teaches us that a crisis often causes problems to correlate in a manner undreamed of in more tranquil times.

衍生性金融商品交易也有可能造成骨牌效应的风险，这是因为许多保险业及再保业者习惯将风险分散给其它保险公司，在这类的情况下，钜额的应收款项将随着交易对象的日趋复杂而持续累积，(以通用再保证券来说，虽然已经经过将近一年的清算期，目前仍有高达 65 亿美元的应收款项流通在外)，交易的一方或许对于自己相当有信心，认为其钜额的信用风险已经经过适度的分散，因此不会发生任何危险，只有等到某种特殊状况下，一个外部事件导致 A 公司的应收帐款发生问题，从而影响 B 公司，乃至于一路到 Z 公司，历史教训告诉我们危机的发生往往是我们在太平盛世时所梦想不到一连串问题串连所导致的。

Part two is about the analysis of theoretical basis for the social assistance legal institutions,which includes their department classification,their analysis of basic concept,their theoretical support and their analysis of value,and so on.The author holds that they regulate the redistributive economic relations requiring state intervenes appropriately and reflected by the actions of social assistance,they reflect and determine the implication and distribution of the redistributive economic relations,meanwhile they reflect and determine the distribution and direction of the benefits of social assistance intervened by state appropriately.Their appearance expresses the legal connection created for the poverty phenomena between state and the poor,so these legal institutions should be classified into the department of social distributive law in economic law which reflect the essence of economic law that state intervenes the economic relations required intervention appropriately.

第二部分是社会救助法律制度的理论基础分析，其中包括社会救助法律制度部门归属辨、社会救助法律制度的基本理念剖析、社会救助法律制度的理论支持以及社会救助法律制度的价值分析等内容，认为社会救助法律制度规制了由社会救助行为所反映出来的这种需要国家适度干预的再分配经济关系，反映并决定了这种再分配经济关系的牵连和分布，同时反映和决定了在国家适度干预下相关社会救助利益的分配和流向，其出现媒介了国家和贫困者之间因为贫困现象而生成的法律关系，这一法律制度归属于经济法部门中的社会分配法律制度子部门，明显地体现着经济法的本质属性——国家对需要干预的经济关系的适度干预。

Fourth, Based on sample data collected in Shenzhen city in 2003, the paper, from various perspectives, calculates nominal VAT rate for goods sold domestically or internationally. By the means of the calculation of the extent of indirect nominal tax burden shifting, we can get the economy tax burden from evaluating some trades'tax burden shifting range of Shenzhen VAT taxpayer. This paper also analyses the problems and the reasons of it and proved that the result of the separate calculation of domestic sales nominal tax burden and export sales tax burden can more realistically reflects the enterprises'nominal tax burden.. Enterprises with higher nominal tax burden can transfer their most parts of their nominal tax burden to the consumers, but the enterprises with lower nominal tax burden have to bear all nominal tax burden. Thus, when measuring the properness of tax burden from the VAT taxpayer, a comparison between economic tax burden and optimum tax burden should be considered.

第四，本文以2003年度深圳市数据为例，从不同的口径分别用经典名义税负测算法和内外销分别测算法测算了深圳市增值税纳税人的名义税负，运用间接税税负转嫁程度测算模型，测算了深圳市增值税纳税人部分行业税负转嫁的程度，进而得出其经济税负，并分析了深圳市增值税纳税人税负存在的问题以及成因，验证了内外销分别测算法得出的结果更能真实地反映企业的名义税负，得出以下结论：名义税负较高的行业，其经济税负不一定高，而名义税负较低的行业，其经济税负并不一定低，在衡量增值税纳税人的税收负担是否适度的问题上，不能简单的将名义税负与最优税负比较，而应将经济税负与最优税负比较。

The structure of the cosmos is a fundamental binary principle that governs the manifestations of all the particulars:"the aether fire of flame", which is gentle, mild, soft, thin and clear, and self-identical — this is something like the masculine principle — and the other is "ignorant night", body thick and heavy — this is something like the feminine principle.

宇宙的结构是这样一个基本的二分原则：它控制着所有细节的表现—"以太火焰"，它是温和的、适度的、柔软的、稀薄的、明亮的、自我统一的—有点像阳性原理；另一部分是"物质的黑夜"，厚且重的那部分—有点像阴性原理。

According to the theory of Deterministic Finite Automata,an adaptive decision-making system is set up,which can change the selection of instruction pattern dynamically.

多模式智能教学系统中教学模式的选择是非常重要的问题，提出了一种教学模式选择的自适应策略，用教学模式相适度算法取得适度值，并制订一系列规则微调原先的相适度，根据确定的有限自动机理论，构建了一个自适应决策系统，实现了教学模式选择的自适应。

Columns in a frame can respond to severe loads with a certain amount of beneficial individual load-handling promoted and provided by the plural angle-iron-like components, and with modest, reversible frictionally resisted energy-dissipating longitudinal motions relative to one another.

构架中的柱件可以通过一定量的有益的独自的负载操作来应对于强烈的负载，这是由多个角铁形部件，及通过适度的可逆的抗摩擦的能量消耗的纵向相对移动来进行的和提供的。

Gait:The Siberian Husky's characteristic gait is smooth and seemingly effortless. He is quick and light on his feet, and when in the show ring should be gaited on a loose lead at a moderately fast trot, exhibiting good reach in the forequarters and good drive in the hindquarters. When viewed from the front to rear while moving at a walk the Siberian Husky does not single-track, but as the speed increases the legs gradually angle inward until the pads are falling on a line directly under the longitudinal center of the body. As the pad marks converge, the forelegs and hind legs are carried straight forward, with neither elbows nor stifles turned in or out.

步态：HUSKY的特有的步态是平稳的并且不费力气的，他脚步轻盈并且快，在Show时，他的一种步态会以一种放松的适度的快速小跑，来展示他前躯很好的伸展性和后躯强大的驱动力，当HUSKY在慢跑时，我们可以从前面看他们的后面，并不是一条单独的轨迹，但是一旦他们开始加速跑时，他们的腿逐渐开始立即追赶前面落下的脚掌，直到形成一个纵向的并且落脚点为身体的中心点的时候，当步伐集中为一点时，前肢和后肢迅速的向前伸直，肘关节和后膝关节既不向外也不向内。

At a certain range, habitat loss and its spatial structure can benefit the control of the epidemic disease, which indicates the possibility of using human disturbance in habitat as a potential epidemic-control method in conservation.(6) Not only the quantity of habitat loss but also the spatial correlations of patch types caused by nonrandom habitat loss affect the invasion and transmission of disease. More fragmented landscape (high amount of habitat loss, low clustering of lost patches) hinders the parasitic infection, which also indicates that whether the spatial heterogeneity benefits or hinders the invasion is dependent on the considered ecological process.(7) Two components of the spatial heterogeneity (the amount and spatial autocorrelation of the lost habitat) form a trade-off in determining the host-parasite dynamics.(8) Within a certain range of habitat loss, host can counterbalance the positive and negative effects, and shows a rising tendency.(9) The epidemic is more likely to break out in the prey-predator system if only a small amount of habitat loss.(10) A highly aggregated distribution of species is a common behavioral strategy when dealing with habitat loss or other environmental stresses.(11) The parasite-host/prey-predator eco-epidemiological systems have the similar mechanism with the intraguild predation systems, and the predator acts as the intraguild predation, the infected prey acts as intraguild prey, and the susceptible prey acts as shared resource.(12) Species at the highest trophic level are no longer affected the most by habitat loss, which depend not only on the biological mechanism but also on the external environmental disturbances.

随着邻体数目的增加，病毒的感染力度变得更大而且在空间上形成聚集的波形；(5)生境破坏及其空间结构在一定范围内有利于疾病的控制，这暗示人为对生境的干扰可作为疾病控制的一个潜在方法；(6)生境破坏的数量以及不同类型生境的空间分布格局都显著地影响了寄生病毒的入侵和传播，生境破碎化程度越高(高丧失斑块的数量或低聚集程度)，将越有害于病毒的入侵和传播，这暗示了空间异质性是否有益于物种的入侵依赖于所考虑的生态过程；(7)由生境破坏引起的空间异质性的两个组分之间存在负偶联关系trade-off(8在适度的生境破坏范围内，宿主种群能够平衡生境破坏带来的正负两种效应并呈现增长趋势；(9)在捕食-食饵系统中，寄生感染病毒极有可能在生境破坏量较低时爆发；(10)物种在面临生境破坏或者其它环境压力时表现出更高的聚集分布策略；(11)寄生-宿主/食饵-捕食生态传染病系统与共位捕食食物网结构具有相似的生物机制，其中捕食者扮演共位捕食者的角色，已感染食饵作为共位食饵，易感染食饵扮作共同消耗的资源；(12)位于最高营养级水平的种群对生境破坏的响应不一定是最敏感的，这不仅依赖于内在的生物机制同时也依赖于外在的环境干扰。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。