退火的

In this paper,a portfolio choice model is proposed based on mean absolute deviation.

用绝对离差刻画了风险，提出基于绝对离差的证券组合投资模型，并用模拟退火算法求解。

The effect of annealing on mechanical properties of ADI was studied.

研究了预退火处理对奥贝球铁力学性能的影响。

What do you mean by anneal ?

你说的退火是什么意思？

At first, surface enhanced infrared spectra of the azobenzene LB monolayer on silver film of different thickness is studied.

首次发现处于银岛之间的COOH基团经历着比处于银岛之上的COO〓大得多的吸收增强，为了进一步证明该结论，我们通过真空蒸镀、快速热退火等技术构筑了不同粒子大小和粒子分布的增强基底、原子力显微镜的研究结果表明，随着退火温度的提高银颗粒在逐渐增大，相应地银颗粒间的距离也在增加。

Optimal algorithm of combined nonlinear Hopfield network appears powerful validity in solving nonlinear planning, which includes nonlinear objective function, linear constrains and high-demension of decision-making variants, for its ability of nonlinear parallel computation. It is prominent among optimal algorithms because of its function of simply implement with electrocircuit hardware. Genetic algorithm is expressly suitable for optimal calculation regarding the planning of massive, highly nonlinear, inconsecutively differentiable and multiobjective function as well as objective function without analytical expression. However, it inclines to prematurity, as well as its limitation in ability of partial optimal search. Introducing the optimal algorithm of niche genetic simulated annealing to standard Genetic algorithm, can therefore improve the full-scale or partial search ability of Genetic algorithm effectively. It has a far-flung perspective in the field of systemic planning of water pollution control.

组合式非线性Hopfield网络优化算法所具有的非线性大规模并行计算能力在求解具有非线性目标函数、线性约束条件及高维决策变量的非线性规划问题方面显示出了强大的生命力，它易于电路硬件实现的功能更是在优化算法中独树一帜；遗传算法采用概率搜索技术，不受目标函数与约束条件的限制，特别适合大规模、高度非线性的不连续可微的多峰目标函数及无解析表达式的目标函数的规划问题的优化计算，但其存在容易早熟、局部寻优能力较差等缺点，本文在标准遗传算法中引入小生境技术及模拟退火算法有效地改善遗传算法的全局和局部搜索性能，提高了全局最优解的寻优质量，小生境遗传退火模拟优化算法在水污染控制系统规划中的应用前景极为广阔。

The results showed that RSAP used two primers of 18 nucleotides in which starting at the 3' end of each primer were restriction site sequences (4-6 bases),followed 12-14 bases of arbitary sequence, the differences between two primers were restriction sites and filler sequence; PCR am-plification was run for the first 5 cycles with an annealing temperature of 35℃, followed by 35 cycles with an annealing temperature of 48℃; the PCR reaction of 25 μL included 20ng DNA templates, 2.5mmol/L of Mg(superscript 2+), 0.2 mmol/L of dNTP, 1.5U of Taq DNA polymerase, 600nmol/L of each primers. RSAP is a new maker technique with simplicity, moderate throughput ratio and reliability. RSAP is of good reprodicibity and broad application.

结果显示，RSAP技术的引物为2条长度均为18bp的引物，引物的3'端为4~6个碱基的限制性酶切位点序列，接着是12~14个碱基的随机序列，2条引物的限制性位点和随机序列不同：PCR扩增的前5个循环采用35℃的退火温度，随后的35个循环采用48℃的退火温度；在25μL反应体系中，模板DNA用量为20ng，Mg(上标 2+)浓度为2.5mmol/L dNIPs浓度为0.2 mmol/L，Tap DNA聚合酶用碳为1.5U，2条引物浓度均为600mmol/L；RSAP技术重复性好，适用性广泛，是一种操作简便、产率中等、稳定可靠的DNA标记技术。

XRD results indicate that the major diffraction peaks of the film match those of Sb2Te3. The film growth is apparently at the ［101］/［012］ orientation and many Te peaks are observed. Hall measurement reveals that all the samples are p-type and the resistivities are low. The electric conductivity of the films approaches that of the bulk metal and the carrier concentration is of 1023 cm-3. Seebeck coefficient measurement shows that the samples have nice thermoelectrical properties and the seebeck coefficients are in the range of 7.8—62 μV/K. Among all, the samples annealed at 200 ℃ for 6 h have the highest seebeck coefficient of about 62 μV/K and the lowest resistivity.

XRD测量结果显示，薄膜的主要衍射峰与Sb2Te3标准衍射峰相同，在［101］/［012］晶向取向明显，存在较多的Te杂质峰；霍尔系数测试结果表明，薄膜为p型半导体薄膜，薄膜电阻率较低，其电导率接近于金属电导率，载流子浓度量级为1023 cm-3，具有良好的电学性能；Seebeck系数测量结果显示，薄膜具有良好的热电性能，在不同条件下制备的薄膜的Seebeck系数在7.8—62 μV/K范围；在所制备的薄膜中，退火时间为6 h、退火温度为200 ℃的薄膜其Seebeck系数达到最大，约为62 μV/K，且电阻率最小。

Low temperature ordering of FePt thin films has been achieved by using a thin equiatomic AuCu underlayer.

提出并利用相干生长的多层膜中有序－无序转变过程的彼此关联作用，借助AuCu缓冲层的低温有序化，降低FePt薄膜的有序转变温度200℃以上，为FePt薄膜的低温有序化开劈了一条新途径；制备多层膜，退火形成有序相FePt纳米颗粒分散在Ag基体的复合结构，比FePt/Ag共溅射或合金多层膜方法的退火温度明显降低；通过缓冲层Ta控制FePt的粗糙度和晶界密度，同时界面附近Ta、Pt发生化学反应，两者共同促进薄膜内Pt原子的有效迁移，从而加速FePt有序化；进一步，在Ta和FePt之间插入Bi薄层，强化Ta、Pt的扩散，在更低温度下形成高矫顽力的有序化FePt薄膜且FePt晶粒之间交换作用大大减弱；发现MgO薄膜作底层，可控制与MgO晶粒尺寸大致相当的临界厚度以下的FePt有序化薄膜的（001）取向，同时，MgO和FePt的相对厚度显著影响（001）取向FePt的有序化。

The fibrils of three levels,Which were macrofibrils of several tens micron in diameter,fibrils feW micron and microfibrils about 0.3 micron,were observed simultaneously with banded texture usingpolarized microscope.After annealing,fibrils in different levels relaxed to differentmorphology.Macrofibrils still oriented along shear direction,but fibrils relaxed to helical form,and microfibrils relaxed to waveform therefore the banded texture canbe seen.The smaller the diameter of fibrils was,the more easily the fibrils relaxed.Ori the other hand,the banded texture decoration of annealed unoriented filmsrevealed directly the distribution of directors within and out of domains and thevariation of directors on boundaries.

微纤分三个层次，即直径分别为数十微米的微纤束、数微米的微纤和0.3微米的亚微纤，退火后三个层次的微纤松弛成不同的形态，微纤束仍笔直沿剪切方向取向，微纤松弛成螺旋形，而亚微纤松弛成波浪形从而观察到条带织构：微纤直径越小越易松弛，另一方面，非取向态织构退火后由亚微纤形成的条带装饰结果直观地揭示了微区内外分子指向矢的分布和它们在边界上的变化。

In this work, nanostructure samples of La1-xCaxMnO3（x=0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5）were prepared by hydrothermal-precipitation method . The structural characterization of the powder samples were done by X-ray diffraction. XRD patterns showed that all the samples ate single perovskite-type phase withoutother impurity or secondary phase. The shape and size of samples were performed on Scanning Electron Microscopy. SEM photographs investigated that temperature of hydrothermal effects the phase of samples and alkalinity of the reaction mixture by ΔTad-T curve measurement device at low magnetic fielded

本论文采用水热共沉淀退火法制备了La1-xCaxMnO3（x=0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5）系纳米结构，用X射线衍射仪确定产物为单相钙钛矿结构，无任何杂峰及第二相；用扫描电子显微镜与透射电子显微镜分析了产物的大小和形貌，发现水热温度对产物的形成起决定作用，随着温度的升高，产物由薄膜状向丝状转变，而溶液的碱度可控制产物的形貌和大小，当碱度为6.35mol/L，水热温度为240 C时，La0.6Ca0.4MnO3的主要形貌为纳米丝并有少量纳米颗粒，纳米丝平均直径为40nm；最后测量了粉末样品在低磁场（1.4T）下的磁热效应，发现水热共沉淀退火法制备样品的最大绝热温度明显高于球磨法制备样品的最大绝热温变。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。