退火

Based on the thermionic emission theory, a method to extract parameters of Si SBD is given in this study. Using this model, we tested the characteristics of devices and extracted the parameters of two kinds of samples. The ideality factor is 1.01 and 2.13 respectively. The zero-field barrier height is 0.70eV and 0.72eV. The surface state density is 5.5×10~(15)cm~(-2)eV~(-1) and 4.3×10~(12)cm~(-2)eV~(-1). The interface oxide capacitance is 9.0×10~(-4)F·cm~(-2) and 5.4×10~(-6)F·cm~(-2). The neutral level of the surface states is 0.81eV and 1.1eV. The reverse breakdown voltage is 101V and 56V.

本研究在热电子发射模型的基础上，建立一种提取Si基SBD器件特性参数的理论模型，基于这个模型，对两种样品的性能进行测试，并计算出退火和未退火样品的理想因子分别为1.01和2.13、零电场势垒高度分别为0.70eV和0.72eV、表面态浓度分别为5.5×10~(15)cm~(-2)eV~(-1)和4.3×10~(12)cm~(-2)eV~(-1)、界面层电容分别为9.0×10~(-4)F·cm~(-2)和5.4×10~(-6)F·cm~(-2)、表面态中性能级为0.81eV和1.1eV、反向击穿电压101V和56V。

XRD results indicate that the major diffraction peaks of the film match those of Sb2Te3. The film growth is apparently at the ［101］/［012］ orientation and many Te peaks are observed. Hall measurement reveals that all the samples are p-type and the resistivities are low. The electric conductivity of the films approaches that of the bulk metal and the carrier concentration is of 1023 cm-3. Seebeck coefficient measurement shows that the samples have nice thermoelectrical properties and the seebeck coefficients are in the range of 7.8—62 μV/K. Among all, the samples annealed at 200 ℃ for 6 h have the highest seebeck coefficient of about 62 μV/K and the lowest resistivity.

XRD测量结果显示，薄膜的主要衍射峰与Sb2Te3标准衍射峰相同，在［101］/［012］晶向取向明显，存在较多的Te杂质峰；霍尔系数测试结果表明，薄膜为p型半导体薄膜，薄膜电阻率较低，其电导率接近于金属电导率，载流子浓度量级为1023 cm-3，具有良好的电学性能；Seebeck系数测量结果显示，薄膜具有良好的热电性能，在不同条件下制备的薄膜的Seebeck系数在7.8—62 μV/K范围；在所制备的薄膜中，退火时间为6 h、退火温度为200 ℃的薄膜其Seebeck系数达到最大，约为62 μV/K，且电阻率最小。

Based on the Clark-white heuristic algorithm, we proposed simulation-annealing algorithm to solve the distribution VSP in urban transportation networks, in the algorithm we make full use of the fact that the cost will be saved if referred two vehicles is collocated.

在C-W节约法基础上，提出采用模拟退火算法解决具有模糊时间窗的VSP问题，重点分析随机解的产生规则，同时给出模拟退火算法所必须的其他规则。

Annealing process are used spheroidizing guarantees the performance of steel, tube mill is rolling ring technology.

退火工艺是用球化退火保证了钢材的性能，轧机筒全是辗环工艺。

It was found that after annealing at different temperatures for lb the static magnetic properties achieves the best velum at T=390℃ and the loss minimum at T=440℃. After annealing at T=440℃, transversal induced magnetic anisotropy develop for the sample of t=2h.

实验发现：经不同温度退火1h后，试样的静态磁性能在T=390℃呈现最佳值；损耗则T=440℃呈现最低值；在T=440℃经不同时间退火后，试样在t=2h呈现横向感生磁各向异性。

Annealer is an important part in the process of glass production, stabilization of annealer temperature will directly affect the quality and the finish rate of glass.

退火是玻璃生产过程的一个重要环节，退火温度的稳定直接影响着玻璃的质量和成品率。

The as-grown sapphire boule (φ110×80mm3) turns out colorless and transparent after being decolourized and decarbonized in air and hydrogen successively at high temperature.

将TGT法生长的Al2O3晶体(φ110×80mm3)依次经过高温氧化气氛、高温还原气氛脱碳、去色退火实验，即&两步法&退火实验，晶体变成无色、透明。

Low temperature ordering of FePt thin films has been achieved by using a thin equiatomic AuCu underlayer.

提出并利用相干生长的多层膜中有序－无序转变过程的彼此关联作用，借助AuCu缓冲层的低温有序化，降低FePt薄膜的有序转变温度200℃以上，为FePt薄膜的低温有序化开劈了一条新途径；制备多层膜，退火形成有序相FePt纳米颗粒分散在Ag基体的复合结构，比FePt/Ag共溅射或合金多层膜方法的退火温度明显降低；通过缓冲层Ta控制FePt的粗糙度和晶界密度，同时界面附近Ta、Pt发生化学反应，两者共同促进薄膜内Pt原子的有效迁移，从而加速FePt有序化；进一步，在Ta和FePt之间插入Bi薄层，强化Ta、Pt的扩散，在更低温度下形成高矫顽力的有序化FePt薄膜且FePt晶粒之间交换作用大大减弱；发现MgO薄膜作底层，可控制与MgO晶粒尺寸大致相当的临界厚度以下的FePt有序化薄膜的（001）取向，同时，MgO和FePt的相对厚度显著影响（001）取向FePt的有序化。

6Al10Ti5 bulk amorphous alloy with a diameter of 3 mm were annealed isothermally for 600 s at 673 K and 823 K, for 1500 s at 823 K, and for 3600 s at 723 K.

6Al10Ti5块体非晶在不同退火条件下的显微组织与力学性能，等温退火后可以得到尺寸约为 30—60nm金属间化合物相弥散分布在非晶基体上的混合结构、研究表明：块体非晶的压缩屈服强度为 1。

Miscut SrTiO_3 (001) substrates were pretreated by ex situ annealing inflow oxygen and in situ annealing in vacuum.

采用流动氧气中退火和真空原位退火法对斜切SrTiO_3 (001)基片进行了预处理。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。