退火

Under the condition of the following- factors concerning the optimization models:the investment cost, operating cost, unfair cost, payment evade cost, drivers" extra cost and environmental pollution cost.this paper raises the optimized models of multi-modes payment of teH collection system and its algorithm is proposed by SAGA -hybrid optimization strategy, which can simultaneously optimize the following results: the optimum locations of toll stations, numbers of toll stations, the numbers of different tolling, modes" tailgates of every toll station, ETC users discount rate.and can estimate the installation rate of TAG of every toll station.the actual traffic flow capadty of different toiigate, can obtain the best toll collection system under the different simulated decision conditions.

本文充分考虑了驾驶员缴费技术选择与缴费车道选择的特性，提出了驾驶员缴费方式随机选择模型；在考虑了收费系统的投资成本、营运成本、不公平成本、漏收成本、驾驶员的额外成本和环境污染成本等因素的基础上，提出了多收费方式收费系统的优化模型，提出采用模拟退火遗传算法进行收费系统寻优的算法，可同时优化出一个收费系统的收费站位置与数量、不同收费站不同收费方式的收费车道数和ETC用户的折扣率等参数，可估算不同收费站TAG的安装率、不同收费车道实际使用量，可模拟不同决策情境下的最佳系统资源配置方案。

The same as annealing but carried out in an atmosphere that prevents tarnishing or scaling and therefore preserves the bright surface.

和退火一样，但是在封闭的大气中进行，以避免钢体表面没有光泽，保证光亮的表面。

The sticking of cold rolled strip is related with the physical properties of strip itself and stress, which is in～duced by coiling, cooling, harmful shape, convexity, annealing, uncoiling and the coarse degree of strip surface and strip strength.

分析了宝钢冷轧薄板粘结的形成原因，与生产中各工序产生的应力和带钢本身的物理性能有关，即与轧机卷取应力、轧后冷却应力、板形应力、板凸度应力、退火过程内在热应力、平整开卷应力、带钢表面粗糙度和带钢的强度有关。

Effect of annealing temperature on the stress and properties of sputtering Ag films on Si wafers .

退火温度对硅基上溅射银膜微结构和应力的影响。

Compared with polycrystalline Cu, the as-cast single crystal copper shows better plasticity and extensibility, and has a lower electricity resistance. Its elongation of cold rolling can reach 6100% without any cracks in the edges. The single crystal copper exhibits more serious work hardening in wiredrawing. The plasticity and ...

结果表明：和多晶铜相比，单晶铜在铸态时具有良好的塑性和较低的电阻率，并具有优异的室温延展性，其延伸率可达 6 10 0 %以上；冷拉拔加工后单晶铜表现出更大的加工硬化现象，但采用合理的退火工艺可使其加工硬化得到缓解。

The cause of the "red shift"of the absorption bands of Cr3+is discussed in the point of crystal field.

并且从晶格场的角度讨论了退火使Cr3+离子的吸收带发生&红移&的原因。

Company Profile of Tianjin Feilong Tube Co., Ltd., is a good faith enterprise and one of famous enterprises in Tianjin, Tianjin Dagang is the backbone of the enterprise; founded in 1995 and currently employs 1300, of which 36 were in professional and technical personnel, Eight senior titles, and the factory covers an area of 600 mu, building area of 50,000 square meters, fixed assets 140 million yuan, the existing 19 high-frequency welded pipe production lines, four heat zinc production lines, four expanded pipe production line, as well as acid washing, annealing kiln, large slitting, 4, and assorted rolling production lines.

天津市飞龙制管有限公司，是全国诚信企业和天津市知名企业之一，属天津市大港区骨干企业；始建于1995年，现有员工1300名，其中专业技术人员36人，中高级职称8人，厂区占地面积600亩，建筑面积5万平方米，固定资产1.4亿元，现有19条高频焊管生产线，4条热度锌生产线，4条扩管生产线，以及酸洗、退火窑、大纵剪、4连轧等配套生产线。

The test with light megnesium oxide make megnesium oxide using silicon steel band annealing as isolation agent are presented in this paper.

介绍了用轻质氧化镁制造硅钢板退火用隔离剂氧化镁的试验。

Compared with traditional methods,the novel calibration approach expands the applications of the multi cameras and can find out the internal and external parameters simultaneously without the constraint for the ball bar movement.

与传统方法相比，本方法扩展到了多台摄像机应用场合并允许摄像机焦距各不相同，不需要对球杆的运动做任何限制，能够同时求解出摄像机内外参数，而改进的模拟退火进化策略改善了算法收敛速度和全局收敛性能。

In our experiments, the hafnium films were deposited on molybdenum substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering technology, and the barium oxide layers were prepared by the chemical method to simulate the grid structure of traveling wave tubes. Then, the surface phase and compositional change in the grid was studied under high temperature by annealing from 900K to BOOK, which can be used in explaining the suppression mechanism of hafnium film.

实验中，利用射频磁控溅射技术在Mo基底上制备了Hf膜，并利用化学方法制备了BaO涂层以模拟行波管栅极结构，随后在N_2保护下，通过在900K到1300K范围内退火，研究栅极处于高温工作环境下表面相结构和成分的变化，以此解释了Hf薄膜抑制栅极电子发射的工作机理。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐