连锁

Nantong Camry Supermarket Chain Co., Ltd. is a company with 26 commercial enterprises supermarket chains.

南通市佳美超市连锁有限公司是一家拥有二十六个连锁超市的商业企业。

①Location of WD gene in Ch inese: Using pairwise linkage analysis and multipoint linkage analysis method, w e constructed a genetic map of DNA markers within D13q14.2-3 which refined the location of WD gene by restriction fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite polymorphism analysis;②Screen for mutations of WD gene in Chinese people: we detected the structure of 21 exons of WD ge ne in 45 patients from 39 pedigrees by PCR-SSCP(Single strand conformation poly morphism) and PCR-DNA sequencing technology, found a new mutation in exon 5 and nuclcotide sequence analysis showed it is a T insertion. We also conformed the Arg778Leu in exon 8, the highest frequence mutation point in Chinese people, wit h mutation rate 22.8%in total;③Carrier detection and presymptomatic diagnosi s of WD: Based on DNA recombination technology, we peformed successfully the gen e diagnosis in all individuals of 79 families with WD and built up a helpful spe cific enzyme cut method (PCR-Msp1) to detect the carrier and presympomatic patients in Chinese pe ople with WD.

①WD的基因定位研究：通过RFLP及微卫星多态性分析，应用两位点及多位点连锁软件，建立了中国人WD基因在D13q14.2-3区域的精细遗传连锁图谱，从而首次对中国人WD基因进行了精确定位；②WD基因突变研究：应用PCR-SSCP及DNA测序技术，对39个家系45名WD患者进行该致病基因的21个外显子突变筛选，发现WD基因5号外显子存在新的T插入突变，并证实中国人WD基因的突变热点为8号外显子，突变形式为Arg778Leu，其频率为22.8%；③WD的症状前诊断和杂合子检出：应用DNA重组技术对79个家系进行基因诊断，成功地进行了WD的症状前诊断和杂合子检出，并建立了WD的基因筛选的PCR-Msp 1酶切方法。

On this foundation, the article carried on a comparison about the relevant circumstance of Chinese and Foreign retail trade catena supermarket.

接着文章分析中外零售业连锁超市发展与现状，在此基础上，文章对中外零售业连锁超市的有关情况进行了比较。

Then on this foundation we put forward development suggestion. At first the text carried on saying all of the basic theories of the catena supermarket and this is theories foundation of this text to carry on comparison.

为此，需要对国外内外零售业连锁超市发展进行比较，并从中发现我国零售业连锁超市存在的问题及与国外的差距，进而在此基础上提出发展建议。

In the face of them,the paper brings forward development way to juralization、intensivismization、and concatenatization.And then, search after the feasibility and the concrete routes of management from the intensivism and catenation from the point of itself view.

面对着这些问题，本文提出了法制化、集约化、连锁化的发展方向；并从典当业自身的角度探索了集约连锁经营的可能性及其具体途径。

Chapter two regard shanghai as representatives of the primary market, put forward my view: in the primary market, the control over marketing channel is actually to manage the catenation terminal of home elecrtonics.

第二章开篇就以上海作为一级市场的代表，分析了上海国美，苏宁，永乐等各大家电连锁分布情况，并紧密结合本人在家电企业的实际工作经验，提出自己观点：在一级市场当中，对销售渠道的管理其实就是对大家电连锁终端卖场的管理。

And then, search after the feasibility and the concrete routes of management from the intensivism and catenation from the point of itself view.Key words: pawn broking, intensivism and catenation, management

面对着这些问题，本文提出了法制化、集约化、连锁化的发展方向；并从典当业自身的角度探索了集约连锁经营的可能性及其具体途径。

One of a chain of retail stores under the same management and selling the same merchandise.

连锁商店中的一家，连锁商店是在同样的管理之下的，且卖同样的商品。

Typical bands were used to analyze relation with ecotypes and characters of fruits, indicating that there was no relation between typical bands and ecotypes, but some extent relation between bands and characters of fruits existed. If all cultivars were divided into freestone and clingstone, melting and nonmelting, both freestone (ratio shared total survey, 41/56=73.2%) and clingstone (ratio shared total survey, 33/79=41.8%) appeared in the loci of S_(167)-1050 bp linked marker raised by Warburton et al. It was apparently not strong linkage between the marker and the character, and exchange rate of genes was high. If combinations of S_(167)-850bp and S_(167)-1050bp or S_(167)-850bp and S_(167)-1400bp were used to distinguish characters of fruits, 6 freestone accessions without clingstone ones and 6 melting accessions without nonmelting ones displayed in the first combination of markers, 20 clingstone accessions and 2 semi-freestone ones without freestone ones appeared in the second combination of markers.

通过典型带对不同生态型、果实性状为类别进行分析，结果未发现有与生态型相吻合的特征带出现，而将供试所有品种按离核、粘核和溶质、不溶质划分归类，供试品种在Warburton等得到S_(167)-1050 bp处粘离核分子标记，出现既有离核(占供试离核41／56=73.2％)，又有粘核(占供试粘核33／79=41.8％)，可见此连锁标记连锁性不强，发生交换的机率较高，而S_(167)-850bp带和S_(167)-1050bp带同时出现时，该组包含6个离核，无粘核品种；6个溶质，而无不溶质。S_(167)-850bp和S_(167)-1400bp同时出现时，包含20个粘核品种和2个半离核品种。

There is now a wide choice of methods and software available for performing genetic linkage analysis, however majority of them are command driven and are not user friendly.

现今有多种方法与软体，可计算连锁分析，但多数的遗传连锁分析软体，都必须在命令列下下指令执行，对入门者来说并不容易上手。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。