连续逼近

In chapter 4 by means of the decomposition technique of Bojanic and Cheng together with some analysis methods we study rates of convergence of sequence of integral Baskakov operators for a class absolutely continuous functions.

第四章主要讨论了积分型Baskakov算子对绝对连续函数的逼近阶估计。在这章中主要利用经典的Bojanic-Cheng分解方法，结合分析技术，讨论了积分型Baskakov算子对绝对连续函数的点态收敛阶。

To cousider the least,we have to establish these facts under some comparablystrong but not the most proper conditions.From [12] and [13],if we suppose thatfis Lipschitz continuous in t,then all the above conditions(H1)-(H3) canbe established to a class of approximating problems of (1)(2).So the followingtheorem can be proved by theorem 5 through approximation process.

这时，我们只好"退而求其次"，在较强的"看来不是最适当的条件"下，来建立这些事实，从[12]和[13]中我们看到，只要加上"〓对t为Lipschitz连续"，则对（1）（2）的逼近问题族，上述条件（H1）-（H3）都可建立起来，从而，通过逼近过程，用定理5就可得到如下的定理。

A new generalized fuzzy hyperbolic model is proposed, which can be seen as the generalization of common fuzzy hyperbolic model. The generalized fuzzy hyperbolic model is proven to be a universal approximator. Two identification algorithms are put forward to identify the model from input/out data.

通过对模糊双曲正切模型的改进，提出一种广义模糊双曲正切模型，证明了此模型可以以任意精度逼近紧集上的连续非线性函数，即此模型具有全局逼近性，并给出其辨识算法。

One bases on function value and another bases on arithmetic average difference quotient. In this paper, the author mainly studies the approximation properties of both the function value and the derivative of two kinds of splines interpolation mentioned before, and the optimal error constants are obtained finally.

文中分别就这两类插值样条的函数值及一阶导数的逼近性质展开讨论，相应得出这两种插值函数在被插函数分别为一阶连续可导和二阶连续可导情况下的最佳误差常数。

It has a long history to study on the problem of best restricted range approximationin a space of real-valued continuous functions on a closed interval, while the corresponding problem in a space of complex-valued continuous functions on a compact metric space was just introduced in recent years.

三。实值连续函数空间中最佳限制值域逼近问题的研究有较长历史，而复值连续函数空间中相应问题的研究却是近几年来的事情。

At first we introduce all kinds of TS model and their characteristic of approximation to arbitrary continuous function, which allows TS model approximate any physical nonlinear system within arbitrary accuracy.

首先介绍了各种形式的TS模型以及它们对任意连续函数的逼近特性，其逼近特性决定了其能以任意精度近似任意实际非线性系统。

The dissertation focuses on performance gradient estimation and SRO algorithm of DES aswell as other related topics,such as modeling of DES and discrete event simulation,performancemeasure Hessian matrix estimation,Stochastic Approximationand so on.General Semi-Markov Processis adapted to describe behaviour of DES and discrete eventsimulation.A general result is obtained and applied to analyze strong consistency of performancegradient Perturbation Analysisestimator.Conditions for effectiveness of InfinitesimalPerturbation Analysisare also discussed.New PA algorithms,such as server PA,PA usingDirac generalized function,job sequence PA etc.,are proposed to deal with discreteparameters.Furthermore,strategies of combining PA algorithms with certain iterative rules areanalyzed widely in order to optimize DES parameters and some SRO algorithms are constructed toslove DES optimization problems.

论文将DES性能分析领域中性能梯度估计和单运行仿真优化作为主要的研究对象，探讨了与性能梯度估计有关的DES和离散事件仿真过程建模、高阶导数估计以及随机逼近等理论和方法；建立了具有一般性的DES和离散事件仿真的广义半Markov过程模型；获得了分析性能梯度估计量强相合性的理论结果和无穷小摄动分析算法应用的条件；提出了诸如服务台数目的摄动分析、奇异摄动分析、串联生产线和加工车间中工件加工序的摄动分析等一系列摄动的思想和算法，对连续参数和离散参数都进行了深入的研究；对摄动分析算法同优化规则结合实现仿真优化的策略也进行了广泛的分析，构造了新型的变界截尾的随机逼近算法，并用于DES的单运行仿真优化研究；最后，给出了DES性能分析方法的实证性研究结果。

A method for improving the order of convergence by Richardson extrapolation for the Peaceman-Rachford scheme is also presented,which obtains the two order approximating accuracy.

提出一种修正的交替方向隐格式逼近均匀介质中的非连续渗流方程，以及修正Douglas格式逼近非均匀介质中的连续渗流方程。

Firstly, a quintic PH-spline curve is used to approximate a cubic Bézier curve within a bound. The convergence for the approximation is proved.

研究用C1连续的五次Pythagorean-Hodograph样条曲线逼近一给定的三次Bézier曲线，证明了这种逼近算法在常用误差测度下的收敛性。

In this study, genetic analyses were conducted to determine the genetic basis in an elite resistant inbred line Siyi with complete resistance to maize dwarf mosaic. A new genetic model, two dominant complementary genes conditioning the resistance, were found by Mendelian genetic analysis based on parents, F1, F2 and backcrosses in three successive years' field trails. The two genes were further mapped near the centromere of chromosome 3 and 6, respectively by tightly linked microsatellite markers using 242 plants from F2 generation. The resistance gene on chromosome 3 is 1.0 cM apart from the flanking markers phi053 and umc1527, respectively. Whereas the linkage distance between two flanking markers bnlg1600 and phi075 and resistance gene on chromosome 6 was 1.0 and 4.0 cM, respectively. Genotypic analysis of the plants from testcross and F3 populations supported the new genetic manners.

课题组通过连续三年的抗病鉴定，在国内种质资源中筛选出一份综合农艺性状优良、配合力较高的自交系四一，三年的表型遗传研究和两年的分子标记工作，发现四一中的玉米矮花叶病抗性是由两对显性互补基因控制的，进而利用F2作图群体，把发现的两个基因定位在第三和第六染色体的着丝点附近，并获得了双侧紧密连锁的分子标记连锁图谱，其中第三染色体上的分子标记UMC1527和phi053从抗病基因双侧逼近1 cM，而第六染色体上的分子标记phi075、bnlg1600从抗病基因双侧分别逼近4 cM和1 cM；利用B2群体、F2：3家系、BC3F1群体和带有第三、第六染色体抗病基因以及两个抗病基因的近等基因系，进一步证实了四一中成株期抗性是由两个显性互补基因控制的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。