连续成本

Then the optimal bidding strategies of block bidding under uniform and PAB pricing methods are presented. A case study is given. The results show that the optimal bids are higher than power supplier's real costs under uniform and PAB pricing method. The optimal supply function bids under the uniform pricing method are also studied.

在获得等效竞争对手报价概率分布的情况下，进一步研究了统一出清和PAB电价下，按容量段报价的最优报价策略及统一出清电价下按连续供应函数报价的最优报价策略，给出了相关算例，结果表明在统一出清和PAB电价下，最优报价均高于发电厂商的实际成本。

Simple step function, discontinuous function characterized by continuous segments between points of discontinuity and continuous function, and multi--type of components in a redundancy subsystem considered, a mixed integer nonlinear planning model for redundancy and reliability optimization was presented.

考虑子系统中冗余组件的多样性以及可靠性-成本之间可能的三种函数关系，即简单的阶跃函数、连续函数以及分段连续而在分段点不连续的非连续函数，建立了可靠性冗余优化的混合整数非线性规划数学模型，并以实例进行了说明。

The continuous dialysis realizes the continuous production of the calcium phosphate nanometer biomaterial, avoids fussy intermittent operations and reduces the production cost.

连续透析法实现了纳米钙磷生物材料的连续化生产，避免了繁琐的间歇式操作，降低了生产成本。

Location-inventory system integrated design problem under stochastic demand The location-inventory distribution system design problem involving one supplier, candidate distribution centers and multiple retailers under normal distribution demand is studied in the background of building materials industry. Retailers adopt periodic reviewinventory policy, while distribution centers adopt continuous reviewinventory policy. Considering the trade-off between inventory cost, shipping cost and facility location cost, the integrated 2-echelon inventory control policies with incapacitated facility location model is presented.

随机客户需求下的选址-库存集成问题研究：以满足正态分布客户需求的型材配送物流为研究背景，研究了由单供应商、候选分拨中心和分销点构成的配送物流系统集成规划问题，分销点、分拨中心分别采用周期检查和连续检查库存控制策略，综合考虑库存成本、运输成本和设施成本之间的均衡关系，建立了二级库存控制策略与无能力约束选址集成规划模型。

Moscow is the world's most expensive city for the second year in a row, thanks to an appreciating ruble and rising housing costs, a new survey reports.

据一项最新调查，由于卢布的不断升值和住房成本的持续上涨，莫斯科连续第二年成为世界上生活成本最高的城市。

Aimed at getting rid of big bulk, low precision, limited secular stability and high cost price the single star simulator used to be, while based on the practical demands in single star simulator project and combining with the technical specifications of star sensor for user, the paper proposes to use high stability adjusted digital light source as the core elements of the single star simulator, and describes development methods and development technologies for the whole system of the single star simulator from the view of project application.

论文主要针对过去研制的单星模拟器体积大、精度低、长期稳定性不够、成本高等缺点，结合单星模拟器的工程使用实际需要和用户星敏感器的技术指标要求，提出了一种数字式光源的设计方法，采用闭环控制并使用大规模集成电路模块，减小了光源体积(光源由三块核心电路板组成，尺寸分别110mm×110mm、100mm×100mm和30mm×30mm)提高了光源精度、提升了光源稳定性(光源连续工作8小时内的误差15.848%)和降低了光源成本，在此基础上，实现对以往单星模拟器诸多缺点的改进。

Now a new type of high-performance smart molded pulp drying line is the latest company to develop products that work in a row, on drying 16 tons more than the cost of drying per ton less than 400 yuan, lower the cost of drying, the paper settled up Low productivity, the food industry by-day problems.

现在的新型高效智能纸浆模塑烘干线是我公司最新开发出的产品，连续作业，日烘干16吨以上，每吨烘干成本低于400元，比晾晒的成本还低，解决了纸托生产效率低下、靠天吃饭的行业难题。

Advantages of traditional crank press technology include low production cost and high speed production rate (30~1200 pieces per minute). Requirements of complicated die and limited product forming are the shortcomings. Additionally, the advantages of traditional hydro-forming technology are good product quality, complicated geometric shape and easy-made die. However the disadvantages are expensive cost of equipment, low production speed (less than 5 pieces per minute), and is not applicable to multi-station progressive process and high pressure working environment that has the concern of industrial safety.

传统曲轴冲压技术之优点是生产成本低廉及生产速度快(每分钟30~1200件)，缺点是模具复杂及成品形状成形性受限制；传统液压成形技术之优点是成品品质佳、几何形状容许大变形及模具简易，缺点是设备成本高、生产速度很慢(每分钟5件以下)、不适合多工程连续加工且具有高压之工安问题。

Firstly, we propose solid-state continue-wave laser to crystallized poly-Si films, the distinction of excimer laser, CW-laser possessed high stability, reliability, durable and low-cost. In this way, we used laser scanning speed and energy to analysis a status of grain lateral growth and crystallizes mechanism for various condition, furthermore, we succeed to crystallize great grain size more than 10 μm. To compare excimer laser crystallization and Sequential lateral solidification, CW-laser don't needed extra procedure to carrier out large grain size.

首先，吾人提出有别於传统准分子雷射结晶技术的固态连续波雷射横向再结晶技术，固态连续波雷射具有高稳定的特性且相较於准分子雷射具有可靠、耐用、价廉且维护成本低的优点，在此我们利用不同的扫描速度与雷射能量，分析出在不同条件下的横向结晶状态与其成长机制，并且成功的成长出大於10 μm的晶粒大小，相较於准分子雷射结晶与循序性侧向结晶，固态连续波雷射不需额外的步骤即可达成大晶粒成长。

In Q109, but April +0.4% MoM; 5 Industry split: steel and shipping continued to see losses; petrochemical , machinery and auto saw smaller earnings drop; coal, building material and trading saw stable profits; tobacco and property saw earnings increase.

国企：财政部昨日公布的1—4月全国国有及国有控股企业经济运行情况显示：1）营业收入：1—4月，全国国有企业实现营业收入同比下降7.3%，降幅比1—3月缩小0.3个百分点，4月比3月环比下降5.1%；中央企业实现营业收入4月比3月环比下降10.5%；2）利润：1—4月，全国国有企业实现利润同比下降32.3%，降幅比1—3月缩小4.5个百分点；4月为连续第9周同比下降，但环比上升；其中，中央企业实现利润4月比3月环比下降4.8%；3）成本：1—4月，全国国有企业营业成本同比下降7.1%，管理费用、财务费用同比分别增长2.4%、15.9%；4）存货：1—4月，国有企业存货同比增长13.1%，增幅比1—3月减少1个百分点，4月末比3月末增长0.4%；5）分行业看，钢铁、海运行业继续亏损；石油石化、机械、汽车等行业实现利润降幅收窄；煤炭、建材、商贸等行业实现利润较为稳定；烟草、施工房地产行业实现利润进一步提高。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新