连带责任

If joint liability is specified by law or by agreement, the parties shall assume joint liability.

依照法律的规定或者协议的约定负连带责任的，承担连带责任。

As one of the most important civil liabilities, with the legal system being improved day by day, the joint and several liability is the fruit of commercial economic development .

侵权连带责任作为一种重要的民事责任形式，是商品经济发展的产物，伴随着商品经济的发展、法律体系的健全，侵权连带责任理论和制度也在不断发展并日趋完善。

Second section points out the rationality of the joint and several liability in security law is decided by characters of securities market.

第二章第二节中，作者结合民法连带责任的相关理论，指出证券法连带责任的存在是由证券市场的特性决定的，这种特性表现在信息不对称、专业人士违法、市场主体众多、可能造成的损失巨大以及违法行为的连带性上。

Supplementary liability is so different with joint and several liability and ungenuine joint and several liability in effect that it is a kind of independent liability pattern.

侵权补充责任在效力上与连带责任、不真正连带责任是不同的，所以侵权补充责任是一种独立的责任形态。

However, in the fields of theoretical and practical, there are defects existed in the joint and several liability system in the Chinese tort law, with a tendency to unreasonably enlarge its area.

在我国，由于各部门法在起草时的经济环境和政策的影响，侵权连带责任的理论和制度尚不十分健全，我国现行法律并未对侵权连带责任设以专章规定。

Joint and several liability getting related reason of production identity related, meaning related, behavior related and interests related. The legal principle foundation of related production of joint liability is because of demand, reduction of cost and demand with fair demand, justice and essence for raising the efficiency that are ensured in conformity with the right.

连带责任连带性产生的原因是身份上的连带、意思上的连带、行为上的连带和利益上的连带，连带责任连带性产生的法理基础是权利保障的要求、降低成本和提高效率的要求、正义与实质公平的要求。

However, in the process of the indirect mercantile agency, especially whether the agent shall take the joint and several liability, in my opinion, to bring the joint and several liability into indirect mercantile agency system should be restricted.

而对于商业间接代理过程中，尤其是代理人是否完全负连带责任，笔者认为将连带责任引入商业间接代理制度之中应加以限制。

When reduced according to paragraph (1), strict liability and any liability of the third party are solidary in accordance with Article 9:101 (1).

当依据本条(1)项减缩责任时，严格责任与第三者的其他责任依据第9：101条(1)项为连带责任。

As far as contributing factors are concerned, besides the breaching of solidarity obligation. Unreal solidarity obligation., guaranty of solidum joint security, etc.

关于连带责任的成因，论文认为在连带债务，不可分债务，并存的债务承担、不真正连带债务、连带责任保证、共同保证等情形，于债权未获实现时，均可产生连带责任。

The solidum includes three elements: I. There should be at least two subjects who can solely suffer the civil liability from the debtor. II. The liabilities which several debtors suffering from should be the multiplied solitary liabilities. III. The several liabilities should have a common aim to ensure the debt of the debtor.

论文认为连带责任的构成要件有三：一是须有两个以上能独立承担民事责任的主体对同一债权人负有责任；二是数债务人所承担的责任须为数个独立责任；三是此数个责任须具有使同一债权获得确保及满足的目的。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。