违约

This article basis from the meaning of efficiency violation and its source, carry on some discussions about its rationality and transplantability

文章试从效率违约的含义及其产生的理论依据出发，对效率违约的合理性及是否可以在中国合同法中对其进行借鉴进行1些探讨。

The author combines the case law in England with judicial practice in our country, points out the cases mainly lie on the contract targeting at spiritual interests, the contract playing an import role in someones life and occupation and the contract breach of which leads to physical uncomfort and inconvenience in life.

笔者借鉴英国判例法的分类，结合我国的司法实践，指出我国适用违约精神损害赔偿制度的合同类型主要是以精神利益为标的的合同、对人生和职业发展有重要影响的合同以及违约导致身体和生活上的不便和不舒适的合同。

The breaching party shall not be liable toany third party for its breach of contract.

违约方不向合同以外的任何第三人承担违约责任。

Each Party hereby indemnifies the other Party and undertakes to hold harmless and defend the other Party against any and all claims, suits, losses, damages, disbursements (including legal and management costs) arising out of any alleged or actual breach or failure to comply with the terms and conditions hereof including but not limited to any infringement of the other Party's intellectual property or other rights occurring as a result of the offending Party's fault, omission or activities in connection with the Project.

各方谨此表示，因一方被指控违反、实际违反和未遵守本协议条款和条件，包括但不限于由于该方与项目有关的过错、不作为或活动导致对另一方的知识产权或其他权利的侵犯，而引起的任何和所有索赔、诉讼、损害、支出，均由该违约方向另一方做出赔偿，且违约方承诺使另一方免受损害，并为其进行抗辩。

Combining the thought of the most prudent estimation principle with the maximum likelihood approach, it is estimated that PD is of the low default portfolios in this paper.

文章将最大谨慎原则的思想与极大似然方法相结合，估计了低违约组合的违约率。

At the same time, the author oppugns the traditional affirming spirit damage theories, and indicates that the mechanism of compensation of spirit damage is the losing of spirit benefit form the spirit damage, it is necessary to compensate by the law policy.

并对支持精神损害赔偿的传统理论提出质疑，阐释了在违约责任中适用精神损害赔偿的机理在于精神利益的损失造成精神损害，论述了在违约中对精神损害进行赔偿的必要性和法律政策基础。

These instruments allow investors to hedge the risk that a country reneges on its debt and let others bet that such a default will happen.

这些手段可以使投资者规避主权国家违约的风险，而另一方赌的就是发生违约。

These instruments allow investors to hedge the risk that a country reneges on its debt and let others bet that such a default will happen.

这些工具允许投资者对冲主权违约风险，而另一方赌的就是发生违约。

In addition, a party to a contract may breach by anticipatory repudiation, i.e., by repudiating the contract before performance is due.

此外，合同的一方可能会因为先期违约而违约，即在履行到期之前拒绝履行合同。

Should either Joint Venture fails to pay the contribution on schedule according to Clause 5, the default party should pay the other 10% of the interest one month after the dead line.

如果合资一方未能按照本合同第五条规定按期付款，违约方应在逾期后1 规定按期付款，违约方应在逾期后个月内付给另一方10%的利息。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。