违约

The probability of default measure to the borrowes which has been listed as the key element in the New Basel Capital Accord's IRB,is an important aspect in the credit risk management of modern commercial bank.

对借款人进行违约概率的测算，己经被列为巴塞尔新资本协议内部评级法的关键内容，是现代商业银行信用风险管理的重要环节。

In this paper,we construct a simultaneous bivariate probit modelto correct the sample selection bias.

本文构建一个测度贷款违约概率的联立双变量Probit模型，对样本选择偏差问题进行纠正。

The purpose is to provide remedies for the legal interests of the promisee by compensatory damages which reaches the state as the contract has been performed.

其目的在于使受害方通过损害赔偿达到合同如期履行后的状态，对违约后当事人的利益进行法律上的再平衡。

Compared to English rule, the promisor breaches the contract more and the promisee\'s reliance investments decreseas more under American rule.

与英国规则相比，在美国规则下，允诺人的违约水平增加得更多，但受诺人的信赖水平减少得也更多。

If there is no performance of the third party or if there is no suitable performance of him, this will constitute a breach of the promisor's warranty duty.

债务人负担的是担保义务，第三人没有履行或履行不符合约定，即属债务人担保义务的违反，发生违约责任。

Normally the liability of the promisor's breach of his warranty duty is damages, but in some occasion it may be specific performance.

其违约责任原则上为损害赔偿责任，所赔偿者为债权人的履行利益；个别场合也可以是为代为实际履行责任。

Damages for breach by either party may be liquidated in the agreement but only at an amount which is reasonable in the light of the anticipated or actual harm caused by the breach, the difficulties of proof of loss, and the inconvenience or nonfeasibility of otherwise obtaining an adequate remedy.

当事人任何乙方可以约定违约金，但是该违约金应当根据下列因素确定，即：违约所造成的预期或者实际损害金额、取得损失证据的难度或者通过其他途径获得足够赔偿不方便或者不可行。

The main reason for the debtors' co-operations is: the debt-collectors normally "catch the ball before the bound" to implement their commitment actions to punish, and because of the lack of information about possible punishments the debt-collectors would carry out, the high expected cost of collecting and examining information, the uncertainty of the type of debt-collectors as well as the great probability of pugnacity on the part of debt-collectors by nature, the punishment commitment of debt-collectors would become more credible, the expected cost of debtors' breach of contracts would increase correspondingly, and as a result, the debtors have to choose cooperation passively.

债务人合作的主要原因是：收债人"先下手为强"实施威慑的承诺行动，而因债务人对收债人可能采取的惩罚措施缺乏充分信息，信息搜索和检验成本太高，收债人类型不确定，且天性好斗的概率偏大等因素，导致收债人惩罚的可置信度进一步提高，债务人违约的预期成本较高，从而被动选择合作。

One recent estimate expects default rates on high-yield debt to quintuple from 0.9% in 2007 to 4.8% this year.

一份最近的评估报告预计高产债的违约率，从2007年的0.9%上升到今年4.8%，翻了4倍。

That is a red, gasoline-soaked, rag to CDS holders.

对信用违约互换持有人来说这是赔本的，危险的，垃圾的。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。