违宪的

This chapter sums up five aspects of theory bases of constitutional review system:(1) theory of supreme of constitution,(2) theory of limited government,(3) theory of check and balance of power,(4) theory of sovereignty of people,(5) theory of rule of law.

第一节简要回顾了我国宪法监督制度从无到有的四个历史阶段，第二节分析了我国现行的宪法监督制度所存在的主要问题，第三节探讨了我国的违宪审查制度为何难以建立起来的理论障碍、思想障碍和法律障碍。

These modes all combine with public interest principle in each constitution, and with different formations and running methods, make sure the implementation of public interest principle. Each western public interest principle has its own advantage, and the recognition of unconstitutionality reliability and the emphases on the procedural protection of public interest and the equal compensation will provide us great experience and reference in the practice of public interest principle in China.

国外发达资本主义国家实施公共利益原则的模式各有所长，其关于公共利益原则的违宪责任认定、重视公共利益原则实施的程序保障以及强调公平补偿等具体做法，对我国公共利益原则在实践中的运用无疑具有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。

Due to the Anpo mechanism, there emerges a contradiction between the Article 9 of its constitution and the new security treaty, giving rise to an internal dispute on the unconstitutionality and the concern over the validity of the Self Defense Forces and causing an argument over the priority of the constitution and the Anpo Treaty. Although Japan is planning to resort to constitutional amendments to solve the problem, due to lack of internal consensus, it remains a long way to go before the controversy could be finally removed.What needs Taiwan's close attention is that how to respond if Japan successfully solves the contradiction of the Article 9, improves its military buildup and change its measures towards the territorial and sovereignty dispute.

但随著国际情势发展，日本极欲走出经济大国、政治小国的窘境，却因为在安保体制下，日本宪法第九条与日美安保条约规范内容形成法与政治对立，引发违宪争议及自卫队合法性等问题，致使国内存在宪法与条约何者为优位争论；其后更影响日本自卫队参与联合国维和行动之规模与形式，无法获得国际社会及日本民众的多数认同，尤其是日本民众普遍赞成自卫队参与国际救灾及人道救援等行动，但对於其他更积极的维和行动则倾向於维持现行规模，不宜更积极参与，以免触及修宪及卷入战争等严肃议题。

But they do fret that their government is growing ever more costly and intrusive, and they fear that liberal judges will do little to restrain it even when it acts unconstitutionally.

但保守主义者认为，这样会磨损政府的力量，政府的建设将常常被干扰，而且耗费会更多。他们担心，即便违宪行为的出现，自由派的法官将不会在限制上有所作为。

The Republican and Democratic leaders also demand that the Justice Department return papers that were unconstitutionally seized and that federal authorities stop any review of documents, and ensure that contents are not revealed to investigators.

共和党和民主党的领导人还要求司法部退还违宪收集的文件，要求联邦政府停止任何关于文件的答复，保证这些内容将不会使调查人暴露身份。

The ruling people should have proper power awareness and understand that their power is demised from public rights so that they can use their power for the people's rights. Their power should be supervised by laws; otherwise, the distortion of power awareness will inevitably lead to violation of the constitution.

掌权者必须具备正确的权力意旨，明晰宪政下的权力来源于公众权利的让渡，坚持权力为权利服务，并使权力从法治层面受到监督，才能正确实践权力，否则，权力意旨被扭曲，必然在实践中导致权力违宪。

Further more, should General Pervez Musharraf act as his previous promise that he would accept the ruling and not declare the martial law, in accordance with the Pakistan's Constitution, the second candidate in the vote should be announced as the president elected. However, the candidate received little votes and the election committee would face another challenge: should it determine that General Pervez Musharraf's election did not breach the Constitution, the opposers would not leave the matter at that.

况且，如果穆沙拉夫如先前承诺的那样选择接受判决并不实行紧急状态或者军法管制，那么按照巴宪法规定，得票数第二的候选人将被宣布当选，然而问题是，名列第二的候选人获得的票数太少，届时，选举委员会也将面临艰难抉择；如果现在判定穆沙拉夫参选没有违宪，那么，反对派也不会善罢甘休。

Further more, should General Pervez Musharraf act as his previous promise that he would accept the ruling and not declare the martial law, in accordance with the Pakistan's Constitution, the second candidate in the vote should be announced as the president elected. However, the candidate has received little votes and the election committee would face another challenge: should it determine that General Pervez Musharraf's election did not breach the Constitution, the opposers would not leave the matter at that.

况且，如果穆沙拉夫如先前承诺的那样选择接受判决并不实行紧急状态或者军法管制，那么按照巴宪法规定，得票数第二的候选人将被宣布当选，然而问题是，名列第二的候选人获得的票数太少，届时，选举委员会也将面临艰难抉择；如果现在判定穆沙拉夫参选没有违宪，那么，反对派也不会善罢甘休。

The "Supreme People's Court's Regulation on Judicial Interpretation" promulgated in 1997 was the only procedural legal document regulating the judicial interpretation. But the document are actually an internal active rules of the Supreme People's Court and can not effectively regulate the "quasi-legislative" judicial interpretation.

司法解释权作为一种权力同样需要程序规制。1997年《最高人民法院关于司法解释工作的若干规定》是目前为止最高人民法院司法解释制度唯一的程序性文件，但其实质只是最高人民法院的一个内部活动准则，无法对&准立法&式的司法解释进行有效规制，亦存在违宪嫌疑。

The Constitutional Council, which is the product of the constitution of the Fifth Republic in 1958, is established to construct a constitution that re-adjust power distribution of state organs and establish proper political system to form stable and sound political order.

这表明，宪法委员会最初的角色定位并不是真正的违宪审查机构，在成立之初，宪法委员会作为平衡议会权力与行政权力的政治机构开展活动，所起的作用和影响有限。20世纪70年代，宪法委员会经历了两次重大变革。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。