进行诉讼

Writer from analyze the history origin of this system with apply present condition to commence, try with candor and efficiency this civil case in courts of the basic value and civil case counter-claim inside proper value of system for angle of view, bring up a condition and counter-claim to the foundation theories problems such as concept,property and characteristics etc.s and cross action of the cross action of before accept,review handle.take up a series of problem of etc. to carry on to re-examine with define, try hard for was perfect the cross action system of the our country to become an individual to fasten the integrity,contents enrichment,function ready,operate viable litigation system.

笔者从分析这一制度的历史渊源和适用现状入手，尝试以公正和效率这一对民事诉讼的基本价值和民事反诉制度内在固有的价值为视角，对反诉的概念、性质和特点等基础理论问题和反诉的提起条件以及反诉的受理、审前处理、审理等一系列问题进行重新审视和界定，力求将我国的反诉制度完善成为一个体系完整、内容充实、功能齐备、操作可行的诉讼制度。

Burden of producing evidence is a core concept in theory of testifying,which is connected with lawsuit theory and law suit construction immanently,and there are different conceptual statements,Many scholars hold that burden of producing evidence does not exist in our history.

举证责任是证明理论中的核心概念。它与诉讼理论及其诉讼结构等有着内在的联系，其概念的表述亦存在诸多的不同。许多学者认为我国历史上不存在举证责任问题，其实只要对我国历史上不同证据制度进行剖析。

Accordingly, in the light of the environmental criminal suit, the article studies the distribution of accusing appeal-power, the principle of innocency understanding, judging domination and judging organization. It would help the construction of the code of the green criminal suit and the legislation and the practice of the circulating economy.

本文试从如何完善我国环境刑事诉讼控方诉权的分配、无罪推定原则、审判管辖、审判组织四个方面进行初步探讨，以期对我国的绿色刑事诉讼法典的构建和循环经济的立法和实践有所裨益。

History that it would be idle to embark on any comparison of its merits with those of its inquisitorial rival .

控告式的诉讼模式已经深深地植根于我们的历史中，所以，从事把它的优点与纠问式诉讼模式的优点进行比较的工作是没有价值的。

The paper focused our appraisal on the issue and the promulgation of{A Certain Number of Stipulation on Evidence of Civil Suit by The Supreme People' s Court》, especially the establishment ofthe inversion principle of evidential responsibility in medical treatment action , and the influence on medical litigation.

就《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》的发布及施行，尤其是"医疗行为举证责任倒置原则"的确立，对医疗诉讼的影响进行了重点评析。

The criminal pretrial procedure is one of important constituents in criminal procedure.

庭前审查程序是刑事诉讼的一个重要组成部分，对于刑事审判活动的顺利进行以及刑事诉讼和谐、公正、效率价值的实现具有重要意义。

After the introduction of the basic theory, the author analyzes pretrial procedureby comparative study.

在对民事诉讼审前程序基本理论介绍的基础上，笔者对有关国家民事诉讼审前程序进行了比较研究。

The third chapter carries out the imperfection of juvenile criminal procedure in legislature and theory, and then points out the primal problem of the principle of juvenile criminal proceeding in our country.

第三章对我国未成年人刑事诉讼基本原则从立法和理论研究两个方面进行了缺陷性分析，指出了我国目前未成年人刑事诉讼基本原则体系存在的主要问题。

The third chapter compares the criminal procedural testification standards of common law system and continental law system and self-criticizes unreasonable factors of Chinese current criminal procedural testification standard.

第三章，对两大法系的刑事诉讼证明标准进行比较分析，反思和检讨我国现行刑事诉讼证明标准的不合理因素。

The existing penal codes just estimate part of the lawsuit false pretence.The criminous problem of other fraudulent acts,which cannot be ascertained,only can be leave to legislations.

现行刑法典只能对部分诉讼诈骗行为进行评价，其余无法定罪的诉讼诈骗行为的犯罪化问题，只能留给立法解决。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。