进行诉讼

This part indicates the significant meaning of establishing the system of civil suit filed by procuratorial organ.

文章第一章对国外检察机关提起民事诉讼的制度规定进行比较，对我国检察机关提起民事诉讼制度的发展状况进行回顾和评述，指出在我国确立检察机关提起民事诉讼制度还要经历一个漫长的探索过程。

The author makes a thorough discussion on some issues, such as social essence of criminal procedure, character and function of main powers and rights in criminal procedure, and possibility for promoting rights, then briefly presents the society-based theory in crim

对刑事诉讼的本质、刑事诉讼中的主要诉讼权力和权利的社会属性和功能以及权利发展空间等问题进行了深入的分析，并对刑事司法体制改革的社会观及其实现途径进行了简要的阐述。

Since this action involves the cross between criminal case and civil case, it causes the conflict between the prosecution right of the state and right of civil action and a lot more problems therefore arising.

刑事附带民事诉讼是指在刑事诉讼过程中，人民法院在解决被告人刑事责任的同时，附带解决由被害人及其他权利人、检察机关提起的，要求被告人或其他负有民事赔偿义务的人对其犯罪行为所造成的损害进行赔偿而进行的诉讼活动。

The third part, the author not only explained the relationships in reconciliation, mediation and trail, but also described the differences that the degree of judger involvement in lawsuit procedure as well as application in law, by inspecting dynamically in reconciliation, and then specifically analyzing the differences among them. The author pointed out reconciliation is not an accessory of trail procedure, but is a system independent from the trail and mediation.

第三部分从动态上对诉讼和解进行考察，既阐述了诉讼和解与调解及审判之间的联系，又从诉讼过程中法官介入的程度以及三者适用法律规范的不同，具体分析了它们之间的差异，指出诉讼和解不是审判程序的一个附属品，而是独立于审判及法院调解的一项制度。

In this chapter, the author makes an elaboration of the multipartite action system of some typical countries, compares various kinds of existing multipartite action system, which have the common and probe into its function, principles, advantages and disadvantages and its law of development.

本章对几个有代表性的国家的群体诉讼制度进行论述，对现存的各种具有共同性的群体诉讼制度进行比较，探讨其功能、原理、利弊及其发展规律，对于反思和建构我国代表人诉讼制度具有极其重要的参考价值。

Secondly, the jurisprudence basis of shareholder action right, which included in SDA, is researched from the perspective of substantial and procedural law. Upon the basis of comparison on corporate law of different countries, the third party does the research on the subject of SDA, the precondition of SDA, the jurisdiction of SDA, the determination of filing fee, the security for litigation fee provided by defendant, the judiciary inspection of SDA, plaintiffs right of claim and liability of compensation under the circumstances of case wining or losing, the res judicate of judgment, compensation of SDA, period of litigation and whatsoever.

在对各国公司法进行了比较研究的基础上，研究了股东派生诉讼的诉讼主体、股东提起派生诉讼的前提条件、股东派生诉讼的管辖权、案件受理费的确定及被告诉讼费用的担保、股东派生诉讼的司法审查、原告股东胜诉时的请求权及败诉时应承担的赔偿责任、股东派生诉讼判决的既判力、股东派生诉讼的赔偿及其诉讼时效期间等问题。

The mediatory system, regarded as"excellent tradition"and"successful experience", loses its glory by degrees.

如何改造和重兴民事诉讼调解，仅就目前司法资源的配置现状而言，&调审分离&似为不妥，也不符合效率原则和诉讼经济原则；取消民事诉讼调解程序也不可取，它是对优秀历史传统的全盘否定，民事诉讼调解有其存在的历史价值和现实价值；而墨守于现行的民事诉讼调解程序，则是背离了时代发展的要求。应对艰难的抉择，需要我们进行深入而有益的探索。

In the forth part, it gives the brief introduce about the related rules of litigation relief system in the WTO and the European Economic Community. Subsequently it inspects the government procurement contract relief system of the partial countries with Anglo-America legal system and the continent legal system, and carries on the summary of its common character, then points the spot, which we can use for reference when it improves our countrys government procurement contract lawsuit relief system.

第四部分中对世贸组织政府采购协定及欧共体救济指令中诉讼救济制度的相关规定进行了简单介绍，继而考察了英美法系及大陆法系的部分国家及地区的政府采购合同诉讼救济制度，对其共性进行小结，指出我国完善政府采购合同诉讼救济制度时可资借鉴之处。

In thefirst place,the author eriticizes the confusion of conflicts of actions incivil procedural law textbooks in our country.On the basis ofreference to the viewpoint in face in civil law countries,and based onsubstantive law theory concerning object of action,the author gives adetailed and deepened analysis of the possible theoretical andprocedural questions of objective conflict of civil actions.Then theauthor studies the definitions,conditions,procedures and the processof court decision-making about the alteration of theobject of action,and tries to construct a whole set of theoretical system concerningobjective conflicts of action and alteration of the object of action.

首先，本文批判了我国民事诉讼法教材中关于诉的合并概念的混乱现象，在借鉴世界大陆法系通行的理论观点的前提下，以诉讼标的理论实体法学说为基础，分析了客观的诉的合并的条件、种类，论述了客观诉的合并的审查与裁判的过程，对民事诉讼中客观的诉的合并可能涉及的诸多理论和程序问题进行了深入细致的分析；在此基础之上，进一步对诉讼标的的变更的含义、条件以及诉讼标的变更的程序和法院的裁判过程进行了研究，力图建立一套完整的客观的诉的合并和诉讼标的的变更理论体系。

By analyzing the legal policy and structure of malicious prosecution, this dissertation aims to discuss its definition, inscapes, classification, and scope of compensation etc., and probes on the criterion of malicious prosecution, looking forward to providing an alternative solution to the design of tort obligation institution of malicious prosecution in Chinese Civil Code.

本文旨在通过对恶意诉讼的法律政策和规范构造的实证分析，对其概念、构成要件、类型、赔偿范围等问题进行研究，并对恶意诉讼的判断标准这一难点进行探讨，以期为在我国民法中构建恶意诉讼侵权责任制度提供建议方案。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。