进行诉讼

From the perspective of comparative law, the following paper aims at exploring the voluntary confession rule systematically and penetratively with a view to help to reform and perfect criminal procedure system of China.

本文以比较法为视角，对自白任意性规则进行了系统和深入的研究，以期对我国刑事诉讼制度的改革和完善有所裨益。

No person engaged in the work of, or connected with, or employed by any newspaper or any press association for the purpose of gathering, procuring, compiling, editing, disseminating, or publishing news shall be required to disclose the source of any information procured or obtained by such person in the course of his employment, in any legal proceeding, trial, or investigation before any court, grand jury, petit jury, or any officer thereof, before the presiding officer of any tribunal, or his agent, or before any commission, department, division, or bureau of this state, or before any county or municipal body, officer or committee thereof.

任何法庭、大陪审团、小陪审团或任何官员进行的任何法律诉讼、审判或调查，和主持任何特别法庭的官员或其代理，和任何委员会、部门、分支机构或本州政府机构，以及在任何县或市机构、官员或者委员会，都不得要求以采集、获取、汇编、编辑、散发或出版新闻为目的，而在任何报纸或任何媒体协会工作、或与之有联系、或者受之雇佣的人，公开任何此人在工作过程中获取或得到的任何信息来源。

There are mainly four reasons: The first one is expansion of administrative power and limitation of judicial function.

本文共分四章：第一章，主要是对公共利益和行政公益诉讼的概念进行分析论述。

To certificate responsibility at our country the current law system descend affirm of concept and property, direct influence judicatory practice medium to"important item fact true false not clear" type litigation press offer as proof a responsibility allotment principle to carry on verdict of reasonable and norm.

对证明责任在我国现行法律体制下概念与性质的认定，直接影响着司法实践中对"要件事实真伪不明"类诉讼按举证责任分配原则进行判决的合理和规范。

In order to protect the legitimate interests of the injured party, we should clarity several viewpoints as follows we understand the illegality of the tort in a broad sense; the injured party provides the damaged facts of property, body and spirit we prove causal relationship through the presumption of evidence law.

为了通过诉讼有效保护受害人的合法权益，笔者认为，在证明对象的具体内容方面，应从广义的角度理解加害行为违法性；对於财产、人身以及精神损害的事实，由受害人加以证明；对因果关系的证明则借助於证据法上的推定来进行。

There is a complete rule system in the criminal pretrial procedure, therefore it has an obvious procedure form.

在西方国家，以程序法定原则、司法审查原则对审前程序进行有效的规范，形成了一套完整的规则体系，具有明显的诉讼形态。

The reform in pretrial procedure should comform to demands of the value of fairness and efficiency.

改革审前准备程序应当以公正和效率为价值取向，在诉讼模式的选择上采辩论主义与职权进行主义相结合的模式。

But in China ,we haven't study the power of public prosecute systematically.

然而在我国，对于公诉权这一刑事诉讼领域的重要权力一直没有进行系统的理论研究。

Reargument was largely devoted to the circumstances surrounding the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868. It covered exhaustively consideration of the Amendment in Congress, ratification by the states, then existing practices in racial segregation, and the views of proponents and opponents of the Amendment. This discussion and our own investigation convince us that, although these sources cast some light, it is not enough to resolve the problem with which we are faced.

在进行详尽的分析之后，联邦最高法院宣布自己的结论：我们的结论是，在公立教育领域中，'隔离但平等'的理论没有立足之地，隔离的教育设施实质上就是不平等的，因此，我们认为，原告们以及这些诉讼所涉及的其他与原告们处于相同境遇的那些人，由于他们所控告的种族隔离的原因，被剥夺了联邦宪法第14条修正案所赋予的法律平等保护权利。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害"死者人格"的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的"名义上的精神损害"，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。