进行中的

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

The working memory model established by Baddeley and Hitch (1974) consist of central executive、 Visuo-spatial sketch pad and Phonological loop. Central executive play a crucial role that making our attention on the related information processing, inhibiting irrelevant information, responsible for the information to transform among various processes in the complex tasks.

Baddeley和Hitch提出的工作记忆模型由中央执行系统、视空间模版、语音环等成分构成，中枢执行系统具有核心控制作用，它保证大脑将注意集中在相关信息及加工过程上，而对无关信息进行抑制，负责在复杂任务中的各个不同过程间进行转换，对工作记忆中的内容进行监控等。

METHODS: Root of lightyellow sophora,Honeysukle flower,Fruit of glossy privet and Immature bitter orange have been identified by TLC. The contents of emodin in Rhizom was also determined by TLC scanning.

采用薄层色谱法对病毒消颗粒剂中的苦参、金银花、女贞子和枳实进行定性鉴别，并用薄层扫描法对制剂中虎杖中的大黄素进行含量测定。

METHODS: Root of lightyellow soph ora,Honeysukle flower,Fruit of glossy privet and Immature bitter orange have b een identified by TLC. The contents of emodin in Rhizom was also determined by T LC-scanning.

采用薄层色谱法对病毒消颗粒剂中的苦参、金银花、女贞子和枳实进行定性鉴别，并用薄层扫描法对制剂中虎杖中的大黄素进行含量测定。

In preface, author discusses the meaning of this study and the actual state of research about culture of Tibetan oath at home and abroad. The first chapter analyzes two basic sources of oath culture. In the second chapter, by analyzing literature and actual examples, author explores the problem which the definition of "oath" is unclear in Tibetan dictionary. Combining with the definition of oath, in the third chapter ,the author differs the concept among promise, treaty, bargain and caution money. The fourth chapter is mainly about the element of oath; In the fifth chapter , author divides and explores the different content and meaning of Tibetan oath.

前言"论述了这篇论文的研究意义和目前国内外对于藏族盟誓文化的研究现状；第一章"盟誓文化的产生"论述了盟誓习俗产生的两个基本根源：思想根源和社会根源；第二章"盟誓的定义"通过分析文献资料和实例，对一些藏文词典中存在的对于"盟誓"的定义不够明确的问题进行了商榷和探讨；第三章"盟誓和几个近义词的区别"结合盟誓的定义，对诺言、条约、契约、保证金几个概念的定义进行区分；第四章"盟誓的要素"结合《格萨尔王传》论述了盟誓需要具备的要素；第五章"誓言的内容特征"中结合《格萨尔王传》中的盟誓形式，划分和探讨藏族盟誓的不同内容和意义；第六章"遵守誓言的意义和不守誓言的罪孽"通过相关文献资料分别探讨了遵守誓言的积极影响和不守誓的消极影响；第七章"违誓忏悔"论述了在违背誓言后，反省改过的意义；最后，"后记对《格萨尔王传》中的盟誓文化进行了概括总结，指出这一文化突显了藏族人民崇尚真诚的品格和渴望和谐的心愿。

In this work, three certified milk powder materials with different PCDD/Fs levels were Soxhlet-extracted and then cleaned up using Power-Prep system automatically. PCDD/Fs and planar PCBs were determined using isotope dilution and high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.

自动样品前处理在乳品中二恶英和共平面多氯联苯同时测定中的应用张磊，李敬光，吴永宁，赵云峰(中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所，北京 100050)摘要：采用索氏提取及自动净化处理系统对乳品进行提取和净化，在高分辨气相色谱-高分辨双聚焦质谱仪上进行定性和定量检测。

This research applies the techniques of Radio Frequency Identification to construction management and techniques, as well as develops the RFID information system of construction management and the protection of workers' safety. The equipment of the RFID owns the distinction of exclusive tag and the distinction of cognoscible . Using it as the entrance guard system, it can make management more efficient and also control the site instantaneously. RFID communication has ad-hoc abilities, which can help transfer and store a great quantity of information. It can help spontaneously control the usages of piles of different materials, people's work in process, locations of the vehicles, and manage the construction safety in real time.

本研究拟透过无线射频辨识技术应用於施工管理与技术中，发展建立RFID营造工地施工管理与人员安全维护资讯系统；RFID设备具标签唯一性及辨识性，做为工地门禁管理系统时，拥有可提升效、即时控管等的优点；又RFID通讯具有无线传输能力及可传输储存大量资料，使用RFID便可即时掌握物料堆置情形、进行中之人员施工情况、车辆机械位置与即时各种安全状况，便於进行人机料管理。

This thesis mainly includes the following aspects: systematical introduction to environmental protection textile and garment products consciousness and opinions as well asstandards, and introduction and analysis of main environmental protection textile and garment products in the world at present; experiments on testing the wearing properties such as appearing shape, wet comfort, and wear-resistance and so on ,of various Tencel, Modal and cotton knitted fabrics and then analyzing and evaluating these wearing properties so as to get all factors influencing their wearing properties through contrasting different fabrics; by clustering analysis processing and analyzing data from experiments ,in order to evaluate wearing properties of Tencel and Modal fabrics and gain further conclusions; working out a detailed practical scheme for S company to develop environmental protection knitted garment products , analyzing the necessity and feasibility to develop such products, purling forward schemes in developing products and carrying out brand strategy and estimating their economic benefits.

为此，本文主要进行了以下工作：系统阐述了环保纺织服装产品的理念、标准并对目前国内外主要环保纺织服装产品进行评述和分析；实验测试不同种类的天丝、莫代尔和棉等针织物的外观形态、舒适性、耐用性等三方面的服用性能，对天丝和莫代尔针织织物的各项服用性能进行分析评价，并从不同织物性能差异的分析比较中得出影响该类织物服用性能的各项指标；采用数理统计中的聚类分析方法对实验测定的织物各项服用性能的数据结果进行处理和分析，将各项测试结果综合考虑，以评价天丝莫代尔织物的综合服用性能；对国内著名服装企业S公司开发该类环保面料的针织服装产品具体实施方案进行了研究，分析企业开发该类新型服装产品的必要性和可行性，初步设计提出了企业产品开发和品牌操作方案并对该方案的经济效益进行了预测分析。

Oxidizing feature which is oxidizing leaching of every element, studied kinetics of anode oxidation, analyzed oxidizing slag with XRD and SEM during suspension electrolysis of zinc sulphide mine. The results show that zinc sulphide concentrate in different suspension electrolysis solution can be oxidized. However, the ore in zinc sulphide, ammiaonia sulfate and sulfuric acid suspension electrolysis solution can be oxidized obviously and has better oxidation rate.

确定了硫化锌矿悬浮电解时的电解液后，我们又对硫化锌矿在悬浮电解过程氧化特征即矿物氧化时其中各元素的氧化溶出情况进行分析，对阳极氧化进行了动力学研究，对氧化渣进行XRD和SEM分析，以了解其含锌矿物在悬浮电解过程中的氧化规律，还进行了渣中元素硫的回收。

The previous researches have been done experiments mostly in the Water tank. In order to simulate turbulence of flow in river and research its characteristics, the characteristics of turbulence are studied by experiments in the water channel with ADV technique. The research results indicate that R.M.S. velocity linearly relates to the oscillating-grid frequency; R.M.S. velocity decays by power exponent relates to the distance from the grid midplane; and the relationship between the geometrical factors and the free movement space of water is direct proportion.

以往研究大都在水箱中对振动格栅紊流特性进行实验研究，为能模拟天然河道中的紊流，研究天然河道中紊流特性，利用ADV技术在水槽中对振动格栅紊流进行了实验研究研究结果表明：均方根速度与格栅振动频率成线性关系；均方根速度与距格栅中平面的距离成幂指数关系衰减；几何系数与水的自由运动空间成正比关系。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。