进行中

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

Thirdly, it collect the ship mechanical accidents of the main Chinese shipping company ,and then sorts them out as four items: equipmentname, typical trouble, monitoring parameters, consequence; uncovers the internal relation among man,machine,circumstance and management, establishes a relation database between condition monitoring and typical trouble for the engine-room equipments ; refering to the SMSC-2000 marine engine-room simulator in Shanghai Maritime University, it divides the engine-room system into eight subsystems, designs the monitoring interfaces which is marked with the monitoring parameters, detects the running engine-room machine by use of trouble analysis and information syncretizing, and builds up the condition monitoring system of engine-room machines.

其次，对近十几年来的国内主要航运企业中的重大船舶机损事故搜集，按设备名称、典型故障、监测参数和后果进行整理、分析和总结；揭示了船舶机损事故中人、机、环境和管理之间的内在联系：以我院的轮机模拟器SMSC-2000参照，把船舶机舱各设备划分为8大系统，确定了标注有监测参数的各系统简图，并运用信息融合和故障诊断技术对机舱重要设备的运行状态进行监测，建立起机舱设备的运行监测系统。再次，提出了以人、机、环境和管理四大安全要素为评估指标，给出了四者间的权重系数计算方法，提出了线性加权综合模型来最终对机舱设备进行安全评估，得出安全等级，指导船舶管理人员进行管理。

A set of complex Morlet wavelet are applied on projection slice of each direction to decompose each projection into several frequency channels,the average and variance extracted are computed in each frequency channel,and then linear regression model is employed to computer realationship feature between frequency channels.1-D DFT is applied to features and the amplitudes of Fourier coefficient are selected as features,then the extracted features are rotation invariant.

该算法是将一定大小的图像进行二维傅里叶变换；其次在变换后的图像中央选择一个圆盘区域，并在方向［0°，180°］内进行等间隔角度频率抽样，实现方向分解，使用一组复Morlet小波对每个方向上的映射切片进行小波变换，从而实现多通道频率分解；在各个频率通道中计算均值和方差作为特征，并利用线性回归模型计算频率通道之间的关系特征；将特征沿方向进行一维傅里叶变换并取其幅值，从而得到旋转不变性特征。

In this dissertation, digital lock-in detection techniques under integer period sampling and non-integer period sampling are separately investigated (1) Under integer period sampling, digital signal sequence is acquired through sampling the measured signal, but digital reference sequence is acquired through mathematical operation, then digital lock-in detection can be realized by calculating crosscorrelation function of digital signal sequence and digital reference sequence Harmonic measure is also analyzed, and a method of measuring harmonic of a periodic signal under aliasing is put forward.

本文对使用采样ADC把模拟信号转换为数字信号并通过计算数字信号的相关函数来实现锁定检测的技术进行了研究，在此基础上设计了一个多功能的数字LIA并在一些科学实验中进行了应用。本文对整周期采样和非整周期采样时的数字锁定检测技术分别进行了研究。(1)在整周期采样时，对被测信号进行采样得到信号序列，而参考序列由数学运算得到，通过计算信号序列和参考序列的互相关函数就可实现锁定检测。

In general, the design work with traditional measures is done by hand, which cannot meet the needs of the technology and manufacture. So the author has developed a CAD hydraulic design software fit for lower specific speed axial flow runner, which is easily operated by users.The main research work of this paper is as follows:1 Analyzing the main reason of axial flow power station cannot work well under littler volume of flow in some season and putting forward an improving scheme, pointing out the characters of design under abnormal factors.2 Combined with the development of the industry in our country, the abnormal hydraulic design method of propeller turbine is discussed based on present literature, data and experiment results.3 Guided by the design method of software engineering, a suit of hydraulic design software of Lower Specific Speed Axial Flow Runner is programmed by the object-oriented programming language Visual Basic and a straightforward, concise and standard Windows human-computer dialogue interface is designed for the system, which makes the operation of the system very convenient.4 ActiveX Automation technology is adopted as the interface with AutoCAD and the hydraulic drawings are edited, modified by AutoCAD until hydraulic model drawings according with the demand of engineering practice are output.5 To resolve practice problem, the author has designed a lower specific speed axial flow runner for Duowa Power Station through an example.

论文的主要内容有：1 深入分析很多轴流定桨式水电站枯水季节小流量下不能发电的主要原因，提出减容改造方案，并指出超常规条件下的改造设计特点。2 结合国情及行业发展需要，参考现有资料、文献和前人的研究成果，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法的研究，对轴流式转轮叶片的奇点分布法水力设计进行了全面的探索，结合现代计算机技术，找到了一种针对特殊条件的轴流式转轮叶片水力设计方法。3 仔细比较多种AutoCAD二次开发工具后，结合本课题的特点，选用Visual Basic语言，综合应用软件工程的设计思想，进行低比转速轴流式转轮叶片水力设计软件的编制，为系统设计了直观、简洁和标准的Windows人机对话界面，便于用户操作；编程时在考虑到设计条件特殊性的同时，尽量做到程序的通用性，使之可用于解决同一类问题；另外，大部分程序还可移植到普通轴流式转轮叶片水力设计中，具有良好的适应性。4 利用ActiveX Automation技术与AutoCAD接口，对AutoCAD进行二次开发，在AutoCAD下实现水力图的自动生成和编辑，直至输出符合实际工程要求的木模图。5 通过算例，为多哇水电站设计了一个低比转速轴流定桨式转轮，解决其在枯水期小流量下不能发电的问题。

An international advanced target tacking algorithm, which is an analytical trackingprocess based on the affine transformation model by simulating biological vision machinery, isalso introduced. And the mathematical denotation for the infinitesimal generator of affine Liegroup is deduced in this paper.

论文的主要工作包括： 1、介绍了靶场测量中火箭三维姿态的光学测量方法及其理论基础，着重对单相机测量滚转角的四区域轮廓螺旋线法进行了深入探讨和研究，对该算法进行了编程实现，利用仿真图和靶场某型火箭的数字图像对该算法进行了检测，对测量结果进行了精度分析。

The main results of the study are obtained as follows:1 In order to analyze and study the physical and mechanical characteristics of Lianyungang marine soft clay deeply, large numbers of basic mechanical characteristics tests and tri-axial shear tests are completed.2 In order to investigate the loaded and failure characteristics of the cement-soil, the cement-soils for the different ratio and different cure time are studied in the laboratory, and their unconfined compression tests and tri-axial shear tests are performed.3 Based on the solution of one-dimension consolidation, the one-dimension consolidation of the double-layered foundation is solved for two-grade loading in virtue of transcendental equation; Simultaneously, the one-dimension consolidation of the double-layered foundation is solved by means of Laplace transform for two-grade loading, and Stehfest numerical transform is applied in Laplace's inverse transformation; Furthermore, according to the practical foundation shapes, the consolidation models of the soil between piles and the substratum are built and solved respectively.4 The effect of each parameters on the consolidation of the double-layered foundation is discussed, and the solution of load transfer method for double-layered foundation is applied in A1-A4 section of Lian-Xu expressway. The results of calculating settlement of the double-layered consolidation theory are basic agreement with the measuring settlement results.

取得了以下几方面的研究成果：1针对连云港海相软土进行一维固结和三轴剪切试验，深入分析连云港海相软土的物理力学特性。2模拟水泥土搅拌桩施工，在室内制备不同配比、不同龄期的水泥土试样，并进行无侧限抗压试验和三轴剪切试验，揭示水泥土的受力特性及破坏特性。3运用超越方程，以双层地基一维固结解析解为基础，推导出二级加荷条件下双层地基的固结解析解；同时，通过荷载传递法并借助Laplace变换对双层地基的固结问题进行了数值求解；此外，根据实际的地基结构，建立了桩间土和下卧层的固结模型并分别进行求解分析。4分析探讨了双层地基中各参数对双层地基固结的影响程度，并运用荷载传递法的解答计算了连-徐高速公路A1-A4标水泥土搅拌桩处理段的六个断面，计算结果与实测数据有较好的一致性。

The details are described as follows:Based on the principles of elasticity and plasticity mechanics theories, we finish an analysis of the stability near the 1150 horizontal jamb in theory and simulate the stress situation and the stability of the rock mass in the mining processes. Through the analysis on the numerical results and the types of the breakages in underground roadway we evaluate the stability and the security of this area and predict the possible breakages in the future.

具体内容包括：应用弹塑性力学的观点和方法，对二矿区1150中段水平矿柱附近区域的稳定性进行了理论分析，对矿区岩体在采矿过程中的受力状态和稳定性进行了计算机模拟，分析了工程布置区巷道破坏的原因和类型，并对水平矿柱矿体稳定性和采矿安全性进行了评估，对矿区将来可能发生的不利于生产的破坏形式进行了定性预测。

The pharos is controlled by reliable program. Working status data is collected in real time. A two-stage amplifier is used to sense the current signal. VHF transmitter-receiver is used as the means of communication, which is working at 233. 3MHZ. GPS data is collected to calculate the latitude and longitude valued of the pharos. Sleep mode is used to reduce the energy consumption. Auto alarm function and watch dog function are integrated to maintain its stability and reliability.

在用高性能8位处理器68HC908SR12设计的新型遥控遥测航标灯中，充分利用了处理器的功能，实现了对灯器的程序化控制，实时进行数据采集，采用了两级放大器对电流信号进行放大，采用VHF电台进行远程通信，对GPS定位数据进行采集和处理，为了降低功耗实现了定时和睡眠控制，为保证工作稳定性和可靠性，启动了故障处理、自动报警功能，以及看门狗功能。

This graduation design main is to Xi Yuan high school this the campus network of the school construction carry on of programming and design, for true accurately carry on programming design, oneself special carried on Xi Yuan a high school of actual investigate, according to actual the circumstance carry on analysis and drew a school of whole programming layout plane chart, by this actual get this time design project, in the project the equipments, facilities involve choice and install the location all have in many ways consideration, but be subjected to technique knowledge etc.

本毕业设计主要是对西苑中学这所学校的校园网络建设进行的规划与设计，为真实准确的进行规划设计，本人特别进行了西苑中学的实际勘察，根据实际情况进行分析并绘制出了学校的整体规划布局平面图，藉由此实际得出了本次设计方案，方案中所涉及设备、设施选择及安装地点均有多方考虑，但受技术知识等因素限制本设计如有纰漏敬请指出改正。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。