进气

In this paper,the non-linear factors,such as spring torque,friction,intake resistance and gear clearance,are considered during the derivation of ETS model.Five controllers are designed in Matlab/Simulink,using PID,fuzzy,sliding model contro...

本文在考虑弹簧扭矩、摩擦力、进气阻力、齿隙等非线性影响因素的基础上，建立ETS系统数学模型，应用PID、模糊、滑膜及其相结合的控制理论在Matlab/Simulink下设计了5种控制器，并对其阶跃响应特性进行比较分析。

On the front are seen some new headlights, grille, logo, and air intake.

在前面都出现了一些新的头灯，格栅，徽标和进气。

The experiment results show hot-wire air flow sensorapplied to electromicjet systemofmotor,can provide accurate information about the air mass flow for theengine.

试验结果表明：热线式空气流量传感器应于汽车电喷系统中，可以为发动机提供准确的进气质量流量。

In addition, the VK45DE is outfitted with a variable length air induction system and Continuously Variable Valve Timing Control System to enhance the engine's power delivery and operation efficiency.

此外，VK45DE配备有一个可变长度的进气系统和连续可变气门控制系统提高发动机的动力和工作效率。

Expounds the working principles of variable induction controlling system and shows that VICS can solve the contradiction between engine power and fuel economization.

阐述了可变进气系统可以解决提高发动机动力性和改善经济性之间的矛盾。

ABSTRACT Development of internal combustion engine has been directed by energy saving and environment protection for a long time. Because lean burn technique has great potential to improve fuel consumption and emissions, it has been paid much attention. Variable induction and twice injection [patent no. 98107693. 9] , which have been developed in recent years, have also shown good effect on engine performance.

能源与环境现已成为内燃机技术发展的主导因素，稀薄燃烧由于其能够很好地改善发动机燃油经济性和排放特性而受到广泛重视；可变进气、二次喷油[专利号：98107693.9]等近年来发展起来的技术也表现出良好地改善发动机性能的能力。

This engine has all the goodies, starting with all aluminum-alloy, deep skirt construction, DOHC head, Variable Induction System, lightweight pistons and connecting rods.

这颗引擎用了相当多的好料其中包括了铝合金本体， deep skirt架构(sorry，我不知道这是什麼)，双凸轮轴，可变进气系统，轻量化活塞及连杆。

Finally, two counter measures are proposed to stop the consequence of the air ingress accident.

最后，针对进气事故的后果提出了两种处理措施。

The invention is capable of increasing the air pressure in the air inlet manifold and improving the aeration coefficient in the cylinder while in instantaneous acceleration, thereby changing the combustion conditions of the internal combustion engine at a medium and low speed, resolving the problem of the poor accelerating performance of the turbocharger at the medium and low speed, improving the output torque at the medium and low speed, optimizing the accelerating performance and greatly shortening the acceleration response time of the automobile; moreover, because the fuel is fully burned, the utilization factor of the fuel is also improved and the discharge capacity of the internal combustion engine is reduced.

本发明能够增加进气歧管内的空气压力，提高加速瞬时缸内的充气系数，从而改变内燃机中低速的燃烧状况，并改变涡轮增压机中低速加速性能差的问题，提高中低速的输出扭矩，优化加速性能，使车辆的加速响应时间大大减短；同时，由于燃料获得了充分燃烧，也提高了燃料的利用率，降低了内燃机的排放量。

If the engine backfires, the sudden pressure in the intake manifold forces the valve back.

如果发动机回火，进气歧管骤增的压力就迫使阀门向后移动。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。