进化的

However, the weedy rice has became an another special type for long time evolution and domestication, so its resistance is superexcellence than the cultivable rice, and also become a natural gene storeroom.

然而，经历漫长的自然进化和某种特定稻作环境的驯化，杂草稻已成为稻种资源的一个特殊类型，较野生稻而言，其特殊生物学性状和抗逆性等优良性状易于在育种中直接利用，是水稻品种改良的重要育种资源，同时也是稻种遗传进化研究的必备材料。杂草稻长期自然生长繁衍，其抗病、虫、寒、旱、盐碱等特性优于栽培稻，而且与栽培稻的亲缘关系相对接近，是一种改良栽培稻抗逆性的天然基因库。

A Multi-Species Cooperative PSO algorithm is developed using the ideas of species dividing in the bionomical world. The algorithm is shown to have guaranteed convergence to the global optimum. Furthermore, the training strategies of RBF network structures and weights based on the MCPSO aigorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that the algorithm is effective in such fields as chaotic time-sequence forecasting, system identification, speech signal processing and etc.

在分析基本微粒群算法和协同微粒群算法特点的基础上，借鉴生态学中的种群划分思想，设计出一种多种群协同进化微粒群算法，并分析了该算法的收敛性能；在分析径向基函数神经网络结构的基础上，提出了基于多种群协同进化微粒群算法的径向基函数神经网络结构和权值优化设计策略，并在混沌序列预测、系统辨识、语音信号处理等应用仿真实验中验证了算法的有效性。

Relationship between DNA content and evolutionary degree DNA contents of bivalves were analyzed statistically with SPSS software at subclass, order, family and species grade respectively. Significant difference was detected between mean values of two subclasses according to the result of T-test. The DNA content of Heterodonta (3.77pg) was distinctly larger than that of Pteriomorphia (3.14pg). It was concluded based on ANOVA that the general trend of DNA content was to change from lower to higher values associated with evolution at higher taxonomical classification, i.e.

核DNA含量与进化地位的关系运用SPSS统计软件，在亚纲、目、科以及种4个分类等级上对双壳贝类的核DNA含量进行了统计分析。T检验结果显示，两亚纲核DNA含量的平均值有明显差异，异齿亚纲的核DNA含量平均值(3.77pg)显著大于翼形亚纲(3.14pg)，该结果表明，核DNA含量在较高的分类等级，即亚纲上表现出随着进化地位的升高显著增大的趋势。

Based on hypercycle theory, this paper analysis the relationships of teacher and student, intrinsic cognitive schema of student and explicit impartment, sports theory and technique, point out that hypercycle manner will combine all factors of sports teaching system more close and bring creativity, so lead sports teaching system evolve from simple to complex, from disorder to order ceaselessly.

基于超循环理论，分析了体育教学系统中教师与学生、学生原有认知图式和外在传授、超循环与创造性以及拟种进化与教学突变之间的内在关联关系，指出超循环的组织形式能够将体育教学系统中的要素更为紧密的耦合在一起，互利合作、协同进化，带给体育教学系统以突变性为特点的创造性，从而引导体育教学系统不断实现从简单到复杂，从无序到有序的自组织演化。

Over the past two decades, there have been several approximate methods that adopt different mutation models and used for estimating nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates based on protein-coding sequences across species or even different evolutionary lineages.

近日，中国科学院北京基因组研究所基因组科学及信息重点实验室通过引入新的参数构造模型，发展了一个新的ka/ks算法，该研究成果在近期出版的 Biology Direct 杂志上发表。比较基因组分析是研究生物进化关系的基本工具，非同义替换率和同义替换率的计算是研究分子进化动力学的重要内容。

He SPRY domain of TRIM5α, which may be responsible for recognition of incoming viral capsids showed higher nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratios than the non-SPRY domain, indicating that the adaptive evolution of TRIM5α in primates might be an innate strategy developed in defending retrovirus infection during primate evolution.

RIM5α的 SPRY 结构域可能负责识别入侵病毒的衣壳，这个结构域比基因的其它部分在进化过程中具有更高的错义突变同义突变比率，表明 TRIM5α的适应性进化可能是灵长类发展抗反转录病毒感染策略的结果。

Barash writes,"However, stimulated by the Lightman-Gingerich thesis, I have reviewed numerous pre-1964 textbooks of animal behavior and evolutionary biology and have discovered that, in fact -- and contrary to my own above-cited assertion -- before Hamilton's insight, evolutionary biologists were not very much troubled by the occurrence of apparently altruistic behavior among animals (at least they did not devote much theoretical or empirical attention to the phenomenon)."

Barash写道，&出于Lightman-Gingerich论文的激励，我当时回顾了大量1964年以前的有关动物行为和进化生物学方面的教科书，却发现事实上――和我上面所引的相反――在Hamilton之前，进化生物学家们并不很在意动物界频发的明显利他行为（至少对此现象他们没有投入精力做些理论探究或报以实际的考察关注）。&

Barash writes,"However, stimulated by the Lightman-Gingerich thesis, I have reviewed numerous pre-1964 textbooks of animal behavior and evolutionary biology and have discovered that, in fact -- and contrary to my own above-cited assertion -- before Hamilton's insight, evolutionary biologists were not very much troubled by the occurrence of apparently altruistic behavior among animals (at least they did not devote much theoretical or empirical attention to the phenomenon)."

巴拉什写道，&出于莱特曼－金戈里奇（Lightman-Gingerich）论文的激励，我当时回顾了大量1964年以前的有关动物行为和进化生物学方面的教科书，却发现事实上――和我上面所引的相反――在汉密尔顿之前，进化生物学家们并不很在意动物界频发的明显利他行为（至少对此现象他们没有投入精力做些理论探究或报以实际的考察关注）。&

And the neat two-piece model doesn't even include the broad,rigid shoulders of the human infant, a legacy from our apelikeancestors who, some 20 million years ago, evolved wide clavicles thatallowed them to hang suspended from branches and feed on fruit.

同时，这两个整洁的模型甚至还没有包括人类婴儿宽广的、僵硬的肩膀——2亿年前，我们的祖先为了能够停止向分支进化而以水果为生进化出了宽广的锁骨，而留给我们的遗产。

The excitement is not so much that the specimen, nicknamed Ida, is so well preserved (it even contains remnants of the animal's last meal of fruit and leaves). Rather, it is because it is probably an early member of the line that led to humans, via monkeys and apes, as opposed to the one that led to lemurs and lorises.

让人们感到兴奋的不仅仅是这个被人们昵称&伊达&的标本保存的完好性（该遗迹甚至还保存着它最后一顿吃的水果和树叶），更让人感到高兴的是，它可能是人类进化链条（不同于狐猴和懒猴的进化链条）中，追溯到猩猩及猴子以前早期的一环。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。