进化的

In this paper,ecology theory was used to investigate the structure and evolution of interagency information sharing system of E-Government,and both structure model and evolution model for this system were proposed.

本文运用生态学的理论和方法，考察了电子政府部门间信息共享系统的结构和进化方式，提出了电子政府部门间信息共享生态系统的结构模型和进化模型。

While Darwin famously saw evolution as an exercise in species-enhancing competition, the Russian thinker Peter Kropotkin insisted that it was an exercise in cooperation.

尽管达尔文公然将进化看作是在提升物种的竞争中的一种训练，俄国思想家克鲁泡特特金却坚持认为进化是在彼此合作中的一种训练。

However, for hill-climbing strategies to be guaranteed to find the global optimum the optimality landscape must be unimodal. Moreover, research has demonstrated that multiple maxima exist under the maximum likelihood principle. Therefore, hill climbing based evolutionary tree reconstruction methods often return local optima.

但是由于进化树的似然函数通常含有多个局部极优解，而爬山算法没有逃离局部极优的能力，因此基于爬山算法的进化树构建算法很容易陷入局部极优。

In microevolution, it provided a number of molecular marker systems for the research of genetic variation in plant natural populations, greatly facilitating investigation of the evolutionary mechanisms under natural conditions.

它们在研究植物天然居群遗传变异的规律、揭示进化机制方面已展示了巨大潜力，这是进化生物学中最重要的研究领域之一，也是物种遗传多样性保护的理论基础。

This mixed strategy has been tested on benchmark functions. The simulation results show that the mixed mutation strategy is superior to any pure mutation strategy.

使用国际通用标准函数来测试这种新算法，仿真的结果表明了基于物种保护的混合变异算子进化策略优于任何一种纯策略的进化策略。

But the new study suggests that some olfaction genes have been evolving in a positive way: Their changes appear to have been selected for during human evolution.

但这项新研究表明，一些嗅觉基因的进化有积极意义：它们的改变似乎是人类进化过程中的选择。

If ageing could evolve in one-celled organisms for the long-term good of the species, and despite its cost to the individual, then why not other forms of ageing that affect higher animals?

如果为了物种的长期利益，单细胞生物体可以进化出老化，可以不顾老化要个体付出代价；那么，为什么不能进化出影响高等动物的其他形式的老化？

The thesis selects the American constitutional protection on private property law history from the establishment of the United States to the New Deal as study theme, and applies the theory of increasing returns path dependence and evolutionary path dependence from Oona A. Hathaway to normatively analyze this law history. Furthermore, it draws some useful conclusions on characteristics of increasing returns path dependence and evolutionary path dependence on the changing history of American constitutional protection on private property law in a Common Law System, and it also takes a few steps on applying path dependence theory on studying law history in a continental law system in our country.

论文选择美国独立战争后至新政这段时期私有财产权宪法保护法律变迁历史作为研究对象，应用哈撒维的递增报酬路径依赖和进化路径依赖理论对这段法律变迁历史进行了实证分析，总结出了美国私有财产权宪法保护法律在普通法环境下的递增报酬和进化路径依赖特性，并对路径依赖理论应用于我国成文法环境下的法律变迁研究进行了初步探索。

I show how these can he used to investigate the paleontological record, using the development of Eurasian large herbivorous mammal communities as a case study.

研究结果表明，化石记录中种群覆盖度的研究可以在以化石为基础的进化研究和以现生有机体为基础的进化研究之间架起一座桥梁。

To realize a quick and effective global optimization scheme, a new prepotency algorithm and a scheme of repeating prepotency evolution algorithm with chaotic initiation are presented and tested in this work.

详细描述了新提出的能够快速收敛的优势进化算法以及基于混沌映射为初始群体的循环优势进化算法。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新