进化的

For example, we have conducted the sequence screening on the binding sites of the interface of Barnase/Barstar complex and found that our DGA method can not only determine which position is more conservative and more important, but also redesign the binding sites rationally. The random sequence design for α,β,α/β and α+β four folding motifs have also been practiced and revealed that there are both homology evolution and heterology evolution of protein sequences compatible the same backbone motif.

例如，通过对典型的Barnase／Barstar复合物界面研究发现，它可以确定界面结合位点的重要性和保守性，并对结合位点进行合理的序列重新设计；通过对α、β、α/β、α+β等四种折叠模式骨架的随机序列设计，发现在蛋白质进化过程中，对同一种结构模式同时存在序列的同源进化和非同源进化这两种趋势。

One of the points that is repeatedly stressed in the book on evolution by Ardea Skybreak is that the process of evolution can only bring about changes on the basis of what already exists….

Ardea Skybreak在其关于进化论的书中反复强调的一点是，在进化过程中，进化只能给那些已经存在变化基础的东西带来变化…自然界中的进化通过现实和现有限制（或者换句话说，现有必要性）中已经出现的相关变化得以实现，而且也只能如此。

The RT-PCR product was inserted into pTG19-T vector and transformed into E. coli successfully. By blastn, the sequence results of Kunming mus musculus were in complete accordance with the conservative sequence of Genbank NR_003278 (791bp-1153bp). By Blastn in NCBI, the sequence with little difference among animals was confirmed to be conservative. After Blastn, fourteen complete CDS coding for different animals were chosen. According to VECTOR NIT 9.0 software, the similarities between Kunming mus musculus and bos taurus, homo sapiens, erinaceus europaeus, cricetulus griseus, sus scrofa, dasypus novemcinctus, rattus norvegicus, rabbit, equus caballus, macaca fascicularis, didelphis virginiana, monodelphis domestica and vombatus ursinus was 67%, 100%, 100%, 36%, 100%, 100%, 67%, 100%, 100%, 92%, 99%, 99% and 99%. In the phylogenetic tress constructed with the forteen 18S rRNA by Treeview, the Kunming mus musculus clustered with cricetulus griseus, sus scrofa and rabbit, which was nearer to cricetulus griseus and was most far away from macaca fascicularis.(3) After sencodary structure analyses of 18S rRNA of mus musculus, an oligonucleotide fragment for RNAi was designed and synthesized, which was transformed into plasmid, and restriction enzyme analyses and sequencing results should the expression plasmid pGPH1/ GFP/Neo-mouse-sh 18S rRNA were constructed for RNAi successfully.

结果①通过RT-PCR检测显示18S rRNA基因在小鼠卵巢组织和单个GV期、MⅠ期卵母细胞中均有表达，且在未成熟卵母细胞中，MⅠ期的表达明显强于GV期的表达；②RT-PCR产物克隆测序结果显示：昆明小鼠18S rRNA基因保守区序列与基因库序列[NR_003278保守区部分(791bp～1153bp)]完全一致；Blastn比对结果发现：在不同物种中差异较小，选出14种生物18S rRNA全序列经VECTOR NIT 9.0软件分析，提示昆明小鼠18SrRNA与牛、人类、刺猬、中国仓鼠、猪、犰狳、褐鼠、兔子、马、食蟹猴、负鼠、短尾猊、袋熊的18S rRNA的相似率依次为67%，100%，100%，36%，100%，100%，67%，100%，100%，92%，99%，99%，99%；Clustal 1.81和Treeview构建出的分子进化树表明：在上述14种生物中昆明小鼠与中国仓鼠进化关系最近，与兔子、猪聚成一簇，与食蟹猴进化关系最远；③根据18S rRNA二级结构设计并合成RNA干扰寡核苷酸片段，重组质粒经过限制性内切酶及测序表明成功构建了pGPH1/GFP/Neo-mouse-sh 18S rRNA干扰表达质粒。

Sequence analysis showed that the size of 16S rRNA gene was in 1235 bp, and lacking several regions which regarded as eukaryotic sequence, was more similar with prokaryotes than eukaryotes in sequence structural feature; it could be implied that the microsporidia had split from ancient eukaryotes very early in time on the phylogenetic tree.

序列分析表明，16SrRNA基因大小为1235bp，缺乏多个被认为是真核生物序列的区域，序列结构特征更多地类似于原核生物的，在进化上，推测微孢子虫在很早以前与原始真核生物产生分歧；分子进化分析发现，同属的微孢子虫可以处于系统进化树不同的分枝。

Different from the sole-population evolution, the multi-population evolution partitioned the initial population into umpty sub-populations. Each sub-population evolved independently according to certain schema. In proper situation, the sub-populations would exchange information among themselves, to maintain the population diversity.

与单一种群进化不同的是，多种群进化将初始种群划分为若干子种群，各个子种群按照一定的模式独立进化，适当的时候在子种群之间交换信息，从而维持种群的多样性。

The theory minutely analyze trait of evolutionary programming arithmetic and state variables breakout problem in solving reactive power optimization problem, link reactive power balance theory.. reactive power bed and subarea control theory and adjusted-voltage material law of actual system. The theory first put forward a effective variability quantity modified measure, escape unfeasible problem in evolutionary programming, also make evolutionary programming arithmetic in solving reactive power optimization problem more quick and effective.

详细分析了进化规划算法的特点和在求解无功优化问题时存在的状态变量越限问题，结合无功平衡原理、无功分层分区控制原理以及实际系统中调压的具体规律，首次提出了一套有效的变异量修正措施，避免了进化规划的不可行问题，也使进化规划算法在求解无功优化问题时更加快速有效。

It is also suggested that the evolution of seed dis-persal systems is mainly determined by a few key dispersers and plants, which may control the evolutionof related traits of other species.

动植物之间还可能发生在种、属或科水平以上的多物种的多配协同进化，或者通过关键种的协同进化来带动其他食果动物和植物相关性状的进化。

The first part discusses the affection of bounded rationality on rational foundation of the theory.The second part introduces the idea and framework of this theory,and the general 2*Mperson symmetric game and hawk*Mdove game and used as examples.The third part surveys the theory and practice value of evolutionary game theory,and discusses its prosperity of developement.

文章第一部分讨论了有限理性对博弈论理性基础的影响；第二部分介绍了进化博弈论的思想和分析框架，并以一般两人对称博弈和鹰鸽博弈为例作了具体讨论；第三部分对进化博弈论的理论和应用价值，以及进化博弈论的发展前景作了总结和讨论。

The paper introduced the composition of every subunit and their functions. Based on the cloned subunits from GenBank, the phylogenetic was constructed by Mega 4, which was helpful to understand molecular evolution of every species. Meanwhile, several original authors unlabelled α1 subunits type of calcium channels from GenBank were concluded according to the phylogenetic tree.

介绍了各亚基的组成及其功能，采用软件Mega 4绘制进化树研究GenBank已克隆的各种亚基的遗传性，了解物种VGCCs的分子进化关系，并根据进化树推断出一些α1亚基序列原作者未标记的钙离子通道蛋白类型。

The SINEs RNA were transcripted by polymerase III; the transcripts can be reversely transcribed and the DNA products inserted into the host genome. The insertion of a SINE can be asseumed to be unidirectional since there is no known mechanism to precisely remove SINEs after their fixation of the host genome.

SINEs插入基因组后，很难在其相同位点精确的去除，能相对稳定地遗传；因此为系统进化分析提供了良好的分子标记，并被认为在物种50Mys的进化事件上能提供比较可信的进化信息，尤其是在科属以下的物种中。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。