进化的

Firstly, this paper deeply studied the simulated evolution theory, demonstrated the feasibility of resolving the optimization problems in the thermodynamic control systems with simulated evolution theory, and through the analysis of the calculability of this theory, created the general frame of the simulated evolution algorithm and created the theoretical base for building the evolution optimizing architecture of thermodynamic control systems.

首先，对模拟进化理论进行深入研究，说明了运用模拟进化理论解决热力控制系统优化问题的可行性，并通过对模拟进化理论的可计算性分析，建立了模拟进化算法通用框架，为建立热力控制系统进化优化体系建立了理论基础。

Finally, it analyses the time complexity of the algorithm and researches how it is influenced by culture operator.3、The paper presents the evaluation standard of the GA's application capability. Basing on characters such as continuity, multi-peak, vibration, randomicity as well as large-scale, five functions are selected to test search ability and robustcity of co-evolution algorithm. Finally, it analyses the simulation result and researches the influence of algorithm brought by culture operators.4、Basing on the concept of collection overcast, it researches the task distribution issue and constitutes delaminated math model on task distribution issue. It puts out the co-evolution algorithm of subtask's decomposing. The experiment compare IGA、SGA to CN and validates the efficiency of co-evolution algorithm on the NP completeness issue.5、Being aim at the optimization issue of load of antenna near ground, it combines many GA strategies and puts forward strategic meme. And it puts out co-evolution algorithm of load of antenna design. And it emulates the optimization design of load of antenna near ground. Finally, it valuates the co-evolution algorithm's efficiency on the continuum search issues of multi-variable and multi-peak value.6、Being aiming at the knowledge of image model matching, it adopts single meme and real code. It puts out fast co-evolution matching algorithm strategy. Basing on NPROD resemble measurement, I emulate the indiscrimination model matching and discrimination model matching. Finally, it valuates the co-evolution algorithm's efficiency on the real code and real time search issue.

分析了算法的时间复杂度，研究了文化算子对算法时间复杂度的影响。3、提出了GA的应用性能评价标准，从连续性、多峰性、随机性、振荡性、广域性多个角度出发选择五个测试函数，对共同进化算法的搜索性能和鲁棒性作了函数优化的性能测试，分析了仿真结果，研究了文化算子对算法的影响。4、基于集覆盖的概念，研究了MAS中的任务分配问题，建立了任务分配问题的分层数学模型，给出了子任务分解共同进化算法，实验比较了IGA、SGA、CN，验证了共同进化算法对NP完全问题的有效性。5、针对近地天线加载优化设计问题，结合多种改进GA策略，提出了策略型拟子，给出天线加载设计的共同进化算法，对有耗半空间对称偶极子天线加载优化设计作了仿真实验，验证了共同进化算法对多变量多峰连续搜索问题上的有效性。6、针对图像模板匹配问题的领域知识，采用单类拟子和实数编码，给出快速共同进化匹配算法策略，基于NPROD相似度测度，仿真试验了无差别和有差别模板匹配，验证了共同进化算法对实数编码和实时性搜索问题上的有效性。

The table of contents include 6 parts, background to the study of evolution, patterns and history, evolutionary processes in populations and species, character evolution, macroevolution: evolution above the species Level, human evolution.

内容分为6部分，进化研究的背景，模式和历史，种群和物种的进化过程，进化特征，宏观进化：物种水平上的进化，人类进化。

The website has aims to provide sites in Evolution areas to students and teachers. The contents include Basics, Introductions, Hyperlinks, Evidence of Evolution, Evolution, Theories and Concepts, Geologic Eras, Origin of Life, Population Genetics, Microevolution, Taxonomy, Phylogenetics, etc.

该网站致力于为教师和学生提供进化领域的参考网站，其内容包括基础，介绍，超级链接，进化证据，进化、理论和概念，地质时代，生命的起源，种群遗传学，微进化，分类学，系统发生学等。

It is dedicated to education and research focusing on a wide diversity of research areas, including the quantitative population ecology of plants and small mammals, terrestrial plant community ecology, grassland biodiversity and restoration ecology, plant fungal pathogen dynamics and population biology, successional changes in terrestrial insect communities, terrestrial ecosystem ecology, the remote sensing of natural resources, life history theory, molecular evolution in vascular plants, evolutionary and theoretical population genetics, theoretical ecology, and limnology and aquatic ecology, basic biology of insects, Ecophysiology; paleobotany; population genetics, evolution of plants and fungi.

其主要致力于生态学和进化生物学的教育和研究，主要学科领域包括植物和小型哺乳动物种群生态学、陆地植物群落生态学、牧草生物多样性和恢复生态学、植物真菌病原动力学和种群生物学、陆地昆虫群落连续改变、陆地生态系统生态学、自然资源遥感、生命史理论、维管束植物分子进化、进化和理论种群遗传学、理论生态学、湖沼学和水生动物生态学、基础昆虫生物学、生态生理学、古植物学、种群遗传学、植物和真菌的进化等。

It is indicated that MRV and street viruses have close phylogenic relation by analyzing the phylogenic tree of eachgene of MRV, and it is short evolutionary time between MRV and DRV by analyzingthe phylogenic tree of L gene. It is illuminated that MRV and street virus in China andAfrica have close phylogenic relation by analyzing phylogenic trees of other genes.Therefore, we can speculate that MRV is a Chinese street rabies virus isolated, whichis a new virus isolated because of variance and evolution of the rabies virus after itinfected mouse.

MRV的各个基因进化树表明，其与野毒株具有较近的亲缘关系，通过L基因的进化树分析，两个毒株的进化时间较短，其他基因进化树分析表明，MRV与亚洲和中国流行的野毒株具有较近的亲缘关系，所以推测MRV应该是中国固有的野毒株，由于某种原因感染野鼠后病毒进化变异而产生的毒株。

The experiment results on 13 well-known benchmark problems show that the proposed algorithm is capable of improving the search performance significantly in convergent speed and precision with respect to four techniques representative of the state-of-the-art in constrained optimization such as evolutionary algorithm based on homomorphous maps, artificial immune response constrained evolutionary strategy, constraint handling differential evolution, and evolutionary strategies based on stochastic ranking.

对13个标准测试问题的测试结果表明：与动态惩罚函数的进化算法、人工免疫响应约束进化策略、可行性规则的差分进化算法以及采用随机排序的进化策略相比，新算法在收敛速度和求解精度上均具有一定的优势。关键词：人工智能；差分进化算法；约束优化；随机排序

These three cladograms describe the evolutionary relation of microRNAgenes. We find the cladograms of 8-mer based on Spearman correlation and distancedefinition are consistent with the actual evolution relation among species.

所得的三种microRNA进化树与物种实际进化关系相当，其中，又以核苷多联体的Spearman相关和物种距离定义所得进化树与实际进化关系最为接近。

The second section is mainly about the concept of Evolutionarily Stable Strategy and its applications.

文章的第一部分对进化博弈理论与经典博弈理论的区别与联系进行了论述，介绍了进化博弈理论的基本内容；第二部分介绍进化博弈理论的基本概念----进化稳定策略及其应用；第三部分介绍进化博弈理论的动态概念----模仿者动态及其应用。

The latter is mainly comparative psychology and differential psychology.

它们的不同之处在于：①哲学基础不同，前者是进化认识论，后者是实用主义；②科学基础不同，前者是社会生物学，后者主要是达尔文的进化论；③研究领域不同，前者包括进化认知心理学、进化人格心理学、进化发展心理学、进化社会心理学，后者主要是比较心理学和差异心理学。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。