进化的

There are at least seven pathways by which a single segment or a sequence of non-identical segments can be transformed into a geminate consonant, resulting in the evolution of a consonantal length contrast for a given language.

根据进化方法的预测，双音的共时分布和行为将反映进化的历史进程。将一个音段或不同音段序列转换成为辅音双音，以使给定语言产生辅音长度对比的进化，至少有七条可寻路径。

The algorithm uses an efficiency and more cupidity operator to decode, it makes genetic evolution beginning from several civilization populations which has more high average fitness. It use "communism" transfer tactic which output the best individual of population to all of other population termly, to make best individual shared, and lastly make all population together evolving.

该算法采用高效的超贪心算子进行解码，使遗传进化过程从多个平均适应度较高的文明群体开始进化，并采用定期将各群体的最优个体输出给其他群体，使得最优个体共享，促进所有群体共同进化的共产主义迁移策略。

Apparently, the results is determined extremely by theoretical algorithm. In 147 zinc-finger-containing genes, 50nt identity sequences were extracted. The results hint that 15 genes may related to block evolution. we analyzed the phylogenetic map of these 15 genes by uncorrected distance, Jukes Cantor distance, Tamura distance, Tajima-Nei distance, Jin-Nei distance or Kimura distance correction, but we found no satisfied result according to the block exchange pattern mentioned before. Introducing Bootstrap test to assistant correction, an comparatively perfect map was drown by Neighbor Joining method.

以147个含锌指基因为模板，我们搜索了其中的50nt一致序列作为板块式进化的核心，获得15个相关基因，应用无校正距离、Jukes Cantor校正距离、Tamura校正距离、Tajima-Nei校正距离、Jin-Nei校正距离和Kimura校正距离等分析了他们之间的进化关系，结果与已知的板块交换模式吻合度较差，引入靴带检验对Jukes Cantor校正距离结果进行统计学校正，并重新用Neighbor Joining方法绘制进化图，结果可靠性大大提高。

The update model of the probability vector in compact GA is characterized by random walk, based on which the components update of the probability vector in the CGA with binary code is studied. A novel algorithm is proposed consequently. By using this algorithm, the fitness difference of the two competitors is increased. This can guarantee the probability vector updates availably.

紧致遗传算法中概率向量进化的模型是随机游动模型，据此研究了二进制编码中向量分量的进化特性，提出了分级竞争紧致遗传算法（grading competition compact genetic algorithm，GCCGA），加大参与竞争的两个个体的适应度的差距，使概率向量有效进化。

At the same time, it puts out the theory of multi-space of technology action, analyses the super circulated procession of technology evolution and its pattern as well as the situs structure of technology orbit space, reveals the law and controlling method of technological evolution.

同时，还提出了地球表层学视野技术活动的多维空间的概念。分析了技术进化的模式、超循环过程和技术系统进化的形式模型及其技术轨道空间拓扑结构，并进一步揭示了技术系统进化的规律和控制方法。

Yellow-throated marten\'s relationship is between Stone marten and Fisher marten.Fisher marten is the first species who was divided from Martes.The second one were Yellow-throated marten and Stone marten.Based on the analysis of the fossil note,Martes came from Central Europe,Fisher marten,Yellow-throated marten and Stone marten belonged to a branch which evolved to temperate zone.Boreal forest martens was another branch which evolved to cold environment.It is suggested that Yellow-throated marten and Fisher martenwere ascertained genus separately.4、By contrasting and analyzing 11 complete mitochondrial control region gene sequences of Mustelidae,the extended termination associated sequence domain、the central domain and the conserved sequence block domain were identified.A extended termination associated sequence(ETAS1) and eight conserved sequence(CSB-F、E、D、C、B、1、2、3) was indicated,and sequence mode was presented.Different kind of short repeat sequences were found between CSB1 and CSB2.With wolf as the outgroup,the phylogenetic evolution relationship of Mustelidae was analyzed using the neighbor-joining method.

而基于鼬亚科动物线粒体DNA12种重链编码蛋白基因序列及石貂和渔貂线粒体ND2和cyt b全序列，以狼、狗獾和水獭为外类群，应用NJ、MP和ML法构分别构建貂属和貂熊的系统进化树，结果表明：紫貂与日本貂亲缘关系较美洲貂近，石貂与真貂亚属亲缘关系较近，黄喉貂介于石貂和渔貂之间；渔貂是最早从貂属分化出的种类，其次是黄喉貂和石貂；结合化石记录分析，貂属起源于中欧地区，渔貂、黄喉貂和石貂属于一个向温带进化的分支，而真貂亚属为另外一个向寒冷环境进化的分支，建议将黄喉貂和渔貂分别定为单独的属。4、比对并分析11种鼬科动物线粒体DNA控制区序列，识别出延长终止序列区、中央区和保守序列区3个区域，指出了一个终止相关序列ETAS1及8个保守序列(CSB-F、E、D、C、B、1、2和3)，并给出了序列通式，在CSB1和CSB2之间发现具有不同形式的短串联重复序列。

This implies that at some point during the evolution of the human species a type of social learning leading to cumulative cultural evolution was evolutionarily advantageous.

这意味着，在人类进化的某个时期，导致累积文化进化的社会学习类型有着进化上的优势。

NEW YORK – Scientists say they've found a "missing link" in the early evolution of seals and walruses — the skeleton of a web-footed, otter-like creature that was evolving away from a life on land.

纽约--科学家称他们发现了一个海豹和海象早期进化的"遗失中的一环"--一种拥有蹼的脚，类水獭生物的化石。这种生物正在朝进化远离陆地方向进化。

Lizards is a major group of reptiles, which plays an important role in the evolution of the vertebrates. Studies on their evolution, especially the molecular and cytogenetical evolution, is of great significance to reveal the evolutionary history of reptiles and futherly that of all the vertebrates.

蜥蜴类是爬行动物的一个主要类群，在整个脊椎动物的进化中有承前启后的重要作用，对其进化的研究，尤其是分子和细胞遗传学进化的研究，对了解爬行类乃至于整个脊椎动物的进化史具有重要的理论意义。

They evolved—and to understand human evolution it would help to know their genetic underpinnings and the order in which they evolved.

它们在进化---而且理解了人类的进化过程将会有助于知道他们自己基因的加强和它们进化的次序。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。