进化的

This paper elaborates on the concept of directed molecular evolution, procedure, basic strategies, and its core technology, then presents emphatically its application and achievements in improving enzyme activities, stability, substrate specificity, and antipode selectivity and so on.

本文详细综述了酶的分子定向进化的概念、过程、基本策略及其核心技术，并着重介绍了酶的分子定向进化技术在提高酶的活力、稳定性、底物特异性和对映体选择性等几方面的应用及取得的相关成果。

The founder of modern geology, English geologist Charles Lyell, improved the principle of uniformitarianism in his famous book, Principles of Geology.

他给他的朋友、著名地质学家赖尔的信中对跳跃式进化的观点持严厉批评的态度，如果我的自然选择理论必须借重这种突然进化的过程才能说得通，我将弃之为粪土。

It is considered by karmic astrologers such as the late Rose Lineman to be the primary significator of the karmic path of the individual, indicating all past life karma that is relevant to the current lifetime; the kinds of relationships and perplexing situations in the present incarnation required for karmic progress; the means of resolving karmic problems; a path to spiritual understanding; and certain facets of evolutionary progress.

对在这种关联和由此引起的困惑的状态下今世的生命来说，需要经历一个克服前世创伤的进化；意味着要去解决前世的问题；一条通向灵魂领悟的道路；是一定层面上进化的进程。

Specially, we use multi-point crossover to obtain schemata evolution equation instead of one-point crossover.

引 言进化算法是借用生物进化的思想，在现代遗传学的启发下，发展起来的一种启发式的随机搜索优化方法。

In the prebiotic conditions of early Earth, before there was any life to evolve, the dynamics of evolution favored the survival of anything stable.

在早期地球的生命起源前的环境条件下，在没有任何进化生命之前，进化的动态力量惠顾所有稳定的幸存物。

But Lovelock saw that if you had a vast network of coevolutionary impulses, such that no creatures could escape creating its own substrate and the substrate its own creatures, then the web of coevolution spread around until it closed a circuit of self-making and self-control.

他认为，假使有一张具有共同进化冲力的大网，它网罗所有生物使无可逃遁地为它织造扩展所需的基质，而且这基质不断地增殖的话，这个共同进化的网络就会向周围扩展直到封闭成为一个自给自足、自我控制的轮回。

But Lovelock saw that if you had a vast network of coevolutionary impulses, such that no creatures could escape creating its own substrate and the substrate its own creatures, then the web of coevolution spread around until it closed a circuit of self-making and self-control.

但洛夫洛克别有见地，他认为，假使有一张具有共同进化冲劲的大网，它网罗所有生物使其无可逃遁，生物创造自身存活所在的基质，而基质又创造存活其中的生物，这个共同进化的网络就会向周围扩展直到封闭成为一个自给自足、自我控制的轮回。

But Lovelock saw that if you had a vast network of coevolutionary impulses, such that no creatures could escape creating its own substrate and the substrate its own creatures, then the web of coevolution spread around until it closed a circuit of self-making and self-control.

但洛夫洛克别有见地，他认为，假使有一张具有共同进化冲力的大网，它网罗所有生物使无可逃遁地成为它织造扩展所需的基质，而且这基质不断地增殖的话，这个共同进化的网络就会向周围扩展直到封闭成为一个自给自足、自我控制的轮回。

Responses to the selection pressures incurred by the novel abiotic and biotic factors in introduced ranges are primary causes for alien species evolution, although other factors such as intra- and inter-specific hybridizations, genetic shifts can also cause evolution.

种内或种间杂交、遗传漂变、新环境带来的新的选择压力等是促使外来种发生进化的重要原因。在入侵地，响应来自非生物和生物因素的选择压力是外来种发生适应进化的主要原因。

To account for cultural variation, Tylor and other early evolutionists postulated that different contemporary societies were at different stages of evolution.

为解释文化的差异，泰勒和早期的进化论者们假定，文化进化的不同阶段可以存在同一时代的不同社会当中。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。