进化生物学

On the base of classification of morphology, we studied morphology, cytology and molecular biology of Lilium sulphureum Baker apud Hook. f. in Yunnan By principles of population biology. We synthetically discussed intraspecific differentiation and evolution, from four biotic levels of population, individual, cell and gene.

本文在形态分类的基础上，根据居群生物学的原理和方法，对淡黄花百合的形态学、细胞学、分子生物学进行了研究，从居群、个体、细胞和基因四个层次综合探讨了该种植物的种内分化与进化。

Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, United Kindom

人类进化研究中心创建于2000年，主要致力于人类进化学的教学与研究，其研究领域包括分子遗传学，形态学和行为学的进化，考古挖掘、测量和分析，人类遗传和发展多样性，人类学和考古学，生物学的整合作用。

Based on the fossil embryos from the Weng'an biota, present study aims at answering questions about the origin of animals in aspect of embryological and developmental biology.

本文主要从演化发育生物学和胚胎生物学的角度，以瓮安生物群中的胚胎化石为研究对象，探索动物起源和进化中的一些科学问题。

What we need is integration of the data and precepts of everything from molecular biology to the geobiology of mass extinctions and evolutionary rebounds - entities and processes of vastly different spatiotemporal dimensions.

我们需要的是整合数据资料和一切教训，从分子生物学到大灭绝和进化反弹的地理生物学——差异极大的时空尺度中的实体和过程。

For example, the genetic model which was found by Gregor Mendel, endowing the theory of nature selection with a genetic mechanism; The discovery of DNA gives a mechanism to genetics and we can see a evolutionary pedigree consequently; Developmental biologhy also gives a mechanism, but to the DNA; Besides, evolution has played a role in research on medicine as well as disease, etc.

孟德尔的遗传模式赋予了达尔文自然选择理论一个遗传学机制；DNA的发现赋予了遗传学一个机制，让我们能看到进化的世谱；发生生物学又赋予了DNA一个机制；此外还有进化在医学和疾病中扮演的角色研究等等。

Department of Biology is primarily dedicated to teaching and research in biology including invertebrate physiology, cellular transport, virology, herpetology, population genetics, marine hybrid zones, evolutionary physiology of insects, physiology of phenotypic plasticity, regulation of DNA replication, genetics, entomology, botany, and plant/insect interactions, juvenile ecology, etc.

生物学系主要致力于生物学的教学与研究，其研究领域包括无脊椎动物生理学，细胞的转运，病毒学，爬虫学，种群遗传学，海洋混合带，昆虫进化生理学，表型可塑性生理，DNA复制调节，病毒遗传学，昆虫学，植物学，植物与昆虫相互作用，幼鱼生态学等。

Currently, a rich variety of evolutionary tree reconstruction methods have been developed, which fall into three categories, distance based methods, maximum parsimony methods and approaches applying the maximum likelihood principle.

一个可靠的进化树推断不仅有助于了解生物的进化历史和进化机制，而且对生物医药学、计算分子生物学其他分支的研究具有重要意义。

It also offers graduate programs, in the following areas of specialization: cellular/molecular biology (i.e. molecular genetics, molecular evolution), organismic/environmental biology (i.e. aquatic biology, genetics, physiology, parasitology, microbiology, and ecology), and exercise science.

该系同时提供下列专业领域的研究生项目：细胞与分子生物学（例如分子遗传学，分子进化），有机体与环境生物学（例如水生生物学，遗传学，生理学，寄生虫学，微生物学，和生态学），和运动科学。

The first chapter discusses the fundamental,the program and the core question of the sociobiology,and the contribution of Wilson to sociobiology.The second chapter discusses Wilson\'s early human sociobiology.The third chapter discusses Wilson\'s later gene-culture coevolutionary theory.The fourth chapter gives the author\'s own review,vindication and justification on Wilson\'s sociobiological thought.

第一章，探讨动物社会生物学的基本原则、纲领和核心问题，以及威尔逊对创立社会生物学所作的努力和贡献；第二章，探讨威尔逊前期的人类社会生物学思想；第三章，探讨威尔逊后期的基因—文化协同进化思想；第四章，对威尔逊的思想作出自己的评论、辩护和批判。

Behavioural Ecology and Populations:Population biology and population dynamics, Life history biology,Reproductive behaviour, sexual selection and the population consequences of individual behavour,Ethnobiology and evolutionary psychology,Ecophysiology.

其中行为生态学和人口包括：人口生物学和人口动力学，生命历史生物学，生殖行为，性的选择和个别行为人口推论，人种生物学和进化心理学，生理生态学。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。