进化枝

Tricholoma may be a paraphyletic genus two. The collections identified as T. caligatum is a mixture. Some parts of them from France are members of T. matsutake, the other parts from North America are closed to T. bakamatsutake and T. fulvocastaneum. Tricholoma robustum and T. focale form a clade which is obviously a sister group of the stirp Subannulate. The stirp Caligata was defined as a group mainly on the basis of the predominant veil. But from the result of molecular systematic analysis, the presence of veil is not a stable character in the matsutake group. Species having symbiosis with conifers and broad leaf tree are all transformed from those whose host specificity is not strict. The phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences resembled the tree of NJ algorithm based on cladistic coding. In the phylogenetic tree based on morphylogical characters, T. zangii and T. bakamatsutake form a clade, but it is the result of convergent evolution as suggested by molecular analyses. The distribution area of the matsutake group can be divided into six regions: middle and northern Europe region, Mediterranean region, Hengduan Mount.— Southeastern Tibet region, Northeastern China—Japan—Far-east Russia region, the Atlantic—North America region and the Rocky Mountain region. The abundance center of the matsutake group are Hengduan Mount.—Southeastern Tibet region and the Rocky Mountain region. Hengduan Mount.

松口蘑群的分子系统学研究得出的结果有：由于粗壮口蘑和羽衣口蘑明显和亚环族(Tricholoma，section subannulate)的种类是来自同一个谱系，和其它松口蘑群的种不具有最近共同祖先，因此松口蘑群是一个多系群；松口蘑群和口蘑属其他种类的亲缘关系比和蜜环菌属更接近；梭柄松苞菇和松口蘑群的差距明显小于油黄口蘑(T.flavovirens)和棕灰口蘑；口蘑属是一个多系群；鉴定为欧洲口蘑的标本明显不是一个单系群，其中一部分是松口蘑，另一部分和黄褐口蘑及傻松口蘑(T.bakamatsutake)比较接近；划分松口蘑群的标准是菌环的存在，但从分子系统学的结果来看，菌环的存在与否并非是一个很稳定的性状；和针叶树专性共生及和阔叶树专性共生均由寄主专化性不强的种类转化而来；在形态学系统发育树上青冈口蘑和傻松口蘑被聚为一个分枝，分子系统学的研究结果表明，这是趋同进化的结果；用支序方法编码作出的NJ树的结果更接近ITS序列的结果。

With increasing altitude,pollen numberdecreased and length of stylar ramification increased gradually.Increased stylarramification of plants of Saussurea with increasing altitude has importantadaptive significance of evolutionary ecology.It ensured sexsual reproductivesuccess,provided a foundation of hereditary variation and increased specificdiversity.In addition,asexsual reproduction of most species of Saussurea assuredindividual quantity.

根据我们调查，生活在青藏高原东缘的多数风毛菊属植物都具有无性繁殖方式，它保证了风毛菊属植物物种的个体数量，而花柱分枝的变长保证了风毛菊属植物的有性繁殖成功，为风毛菊属植物在该地区的进化提供了遗传变异的基础，增加了风毛菊属植物的物种多样性，使得风毛菊属植物的多数物种都成为该地区的常见种，也可能是青藏高原地区是风毛菊属植物的现代分布中心的原因之一。19。

A branching, treelike diagram in which the endpoints of the branches represent specific species of organisms.

进化分枝图一种分叉的树状图，其分枝的终点代表生物的特定品种。

Methods All H5A1 sequence in NCBI genhank and influenza se- quence database were downloaded and aligned, then fast maximizing likelihood method was applied to construct phylogenetic tree, and SRDT model was used to estimate evolution rate and ancestral date for tree branches.

方法下载NCBI Genbank和美国洛斯阿莫斯国家实验室流感病毒数据库中全部的甲型流感病毒H5A1序列，采用快速极大似然法绘制进化树，并用SRDT模型估计各分枝的进化速度与出现时间。

With the help of latest developed bioinformatics tools, all available Influenza H5A1 strains were explored to deeply under stand their evolution tendency. Methods All H5A1 sequence in NCBI genbank and influenza sequence database were downloaded and aligned, then fast maximizing likelihood method was applied to construct phylogenetic tree, and SRDT model was used to estimate evolution rate and ancestral date for tree branches.

下载NCBI Genbank和美国洛斯阿莫斯国家实验室流感病毒数据库中全部的甲型流感病毒H5A1序列，采用快速极大似然法绘制进化树，并用SRDT模型估计各分枝的进化速度与出现时间。

And the complete cDNA sequence of GSTR was 1002bp in length, containing a coding region of 678bp (encoding 225 amino acids). Results of the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of the orange-spotted grouper was very similar to the GSTA of other fishes, such as common carp and zebrafish. The GSTR existed only in fish, but not in any other aquatic animals or land mammals (e.g. rat, mouse and human).

构建系统进化树发现，斜带石斑鱼与鲤鱼、斑马鱼GSTA氨基酸同源性较高，而GSTR为鱼类所特有并共同占据进化树上独立的分枝，与大鼠、小鼠、人等哺乳动物GST现有所有类型同源性均较低。

Starting from a pen, a piece of paper and a typewriter, audience will witness the process of production of a comic work and the ten-year evolution of a great comic artist.

从一张画纸、一枝笔、一台打字机开始，展示漫画的制作过程，让观众透视一篇漫画的诞生，见证一位漫画家的十年进化。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。