还原的

A novel endocyclic enamine cyclopentenone annulation was discovered and rationalized as an unusual Nazarov-type electrocyclization, which would have broad applications in the synthesis of natural alkaloids and other heterocycles.

我们在合成路线一、路线二中用的6-6元环系到7-5元环系的还原重排反应，在温和的酸性还原条件下即能发生，这说明在三尖杉碱的生物合成中6-6元环到7-5元环的还原重排步骤是非常有可能发生的；因此，我们的合成路线二中可认为是生物合成过程。

Effects of some major factors on deoxidize rate of silver, such as Mix ratio connection of tartaric acid and glucose, over all concentration of mixed liquid, the pH level, the reaction temperature, the reaction time etc.

考察了酒石酸与葡萄糖的配比关系、还原混合液的总浓度、pH值、反应温度、反应时间对银还原率的影响，得出了酒石酸与葡萄糖、无水乙醇的质量比为1：2.6：1，pH值为12，在室温下放置时间为3-5d，银的还原率大于92.7%的最佳条件，总回收的金属银纯度为98.2%。

This thesis investigates the profile extraction and shape optimization on the result of topology optimization of planar compliant mechanisms. The main context includes the following work:(1) summarizing and analyzing the recent research status, some harvest and unsolved problems;(2) analyzing the conceptual design of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms and its mathematical model and tools;(3) Modifying the method of density contour as the method of profile extraction, and developing a method to optimize the density function in the profile extraction according to the requirement of the design of compliant mechanism;(4) developing a method to abstract the compliant mechanism into a form of links and joints by using the principle of connectivity on topology;(5) developing a method of shape optimization of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms, by representing the profile of the abstracted compliant mechanism as simple curves such as straight lines and arcs, establishing the models of the size optimization of the parameters of these curves, so that the compliant mechanism has a machinable shape;(6) At last, proving the feasibleness and effectiveness of the design method by making simulation design and validating it in FEA software.

主要工作包括：(1)分析了柔顺机构拓扑优化和形状优化的研究现状，分析了目前柔顺机构的研究重点、主要成果和尚未解决的问题；(2)分析了基于SIMP的柔顺机构概念设计方法及其相关工具和模型；(3)针对柔顺机构轮廓提取的特殊要求，提出了密度等值线法的改进方案，对密度函数插值点密度值进行优化，提出优化模型和选择优化算法；(4)根据轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构自身的形状特点，提出了轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构的抽象方法，即应用拓扑学上的连通性原理将柔顺机构抽象成杆件和结点形式，并对相应的数学原理进行了证明；(5)提出了平面全柔顺机构的形状还原和尺寸优化方法，对抽象的柔顺机构进行还原，将其轮廓还原成简单曲线的连接，从而建立尺寸优化模型，对机构进行尺寸优化设计，在得到可加工的机构轮廓的同时又能对关键部位进行特别处理；(6)进行了柔顺机构的数值仿真设计，并将所得设计结果导入商用有限元软件中进行仿真实验，证明了设计方法的可行性和有效性。

The results show that Fe0.13[Co20Ni80]0.87 alloy fibers are characterized with thin diameters between 0.3 and 2.0 μm, with high aspect ratio, dense and smooth surfaces. The crystalline size of the alloy fibers are mainly influenced by the thermal reduction temperature and are in the range of 20 to 50 nm with a corresponding reduction temperature range of 300 to 700 ℃. The magnetic properties of the alloy fibers are largely affected by the carbon content and crystalline sizes of the alloy fibers. With increasing thermal reduction temperature, the coercivity decreases while the saturation magnetisation value of the alloy fibers dramatically increases at lower reduction temperatures. The alloy fibers prepared at reduction temperature of 700 ℃ have a saturation magnetisation value of 120 Am2/kg and a coercivity value of 10.4 kA/m, respectively.

结果表明：Fe0.13[Co20Ni80]0.87合金纤维的直径为0.3~2.0 μm，表面光滑、长径比大；组成合金纤维的晶粒大小与还原温度密切相关，当温度为300~700 ℃时，晶粒尺寸由约20 nm增加到约50 nm；该合金纤维显铁磁性，其矫顽力主要受合金中C含量及晶粒大小的影响，随制备温度的升高而降低；饱和磁化强度则主要与合金的组分相关，随还原温度的升高和合金纯度的提高而增大；经700 ℃热还原后，合金纤维的饱和磁化强度 m s为120 Am2/kg，矫顽力 H c为10.4 kA/m。

This paper in-depth analyses and restructures the reduction structure and logic of scientific theory.

本文所阐明的科学理论的还原结构与还原逻辑的理论，曾由作者首先发表于论文《论科学理论的还原——兼评 L。

Furthermore, during the above synthetic studies, we also found sodium amalgam was a useful agent for reducing azide to amine, which was applicable for various alkyl and aryl azides bearing different functional groups.

另外，我们还对实验中意外发现的钠汞齐还原叠氮的反应进行了研究，考察了考察了带有不同官能团的叠氮化合物在此体系下的还原反应，取得了较好的结果，发展了一种新的还原叠氮的方法。

The high temperature metallurgical properties of several burdens for Anyang steel were investigated. The results showed that RIof high basicity sinters was better than others, but the RDI(low temperature reduction degradation index) of it was the highest; the RDI and molten dripping property of pellets and lump ores were well, so we can get rational burden structure by combining sinters for blast furnace.

系统分析了安钢炼铁生产中几种常用炉料的高温冶金性能，结果表明，安钢自产高碱度烧结矿具有较好的还原性，但其低温还原粉化率却是最高的；酸性球团矿及块矿则有着较好的低温还原粉化指数及良好的熔滴性能，能够与高碱度烧结矿搭配形成合理的综合炉料结构，满足高炉冶炼要求。

In order to reveal the nature of reducibility of organic compounds and find theoretical basis for the selection of organic reductants, the electronic structure of studied organic reductants and related organic compounds has been calculated by means of HMO method、CNDO/2 method in quantum chemistry. It was discovered that the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital of organic compounds has best correlation with their reducibility, and theoretical criterion for reducibility of organic compounds was presented.

为了揭示有机化合物还原性的本质，为有机还原剂的寻找提供理论依据，应用量子化学HMO法、CNDO/2法计算分析了研究的有机还原剂及相关有机化合物的电子结构特性，发现有机化合物的最高占据分子轨道HOMO能量与其还原性之间具有最好的相关性，据此提出了有机化合物还原性的理论判据。

The results show that WO_3 can be nitrided in the mixture gas of hydrogen and nitrogen, and ...

结果表明，WO3可以在氢氮混合气中被还原氮化；氮化反应分两段进行；在氢氮体积比(4～5)∶1，反应温度650℃的条件下，WO3可以被还原为产物W2N；在不同氢氮比的混合气中氮化，WO3会生成不同的中间产物WO2和WOXNY，中间产物WOXNY进一步氮化生成W2N要比WO2容易；助剂Ni的加入使氮化反应温度降低了100℃；载体γ-Al2O3的加入使金属氧化物的氮化过程变为一步氮化还原反应。

With the existence of additional carbon sources, sodium lactate, sodium propionate or sodium acetate, the faster pH rised, the faster p, p'-DDT dechlorinated, which indicate that the existence of short chain organic substrate supplies sufficient electron donors for the dechlorination process, and p, p'-DDT can obtain electrons more easily during the stage of pH rising.

并且由于p，p'-DDT的还原脱氯与细胞色素氧化酶及辅基FAD有关，外加碳源下p，p'-DDT的缺氧降解多数发生在体系pH值上升的阶段，且pH值上升较快时对应的p，p'-DDT缺氧降解较快，而在无外加碳源的体系中，由于可供p，p'-DDT还原脱氯的电子量限制了p，p'-DDT还原脱氯的速度，未发现上述现象。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。