还原的

After comparison of 30 and 50℃ treatments, AQDS were added into 3 kinds of microorganism biocoenosis from Jiling, Tianjin and Sichuan paddy soil, and it showed that AQDS could accelerate the reduction of Fe 10%-288%, meanwhile, temperature could accelerate the reduction of Fe 6%-17%. In axenic culture treatment of 6 kinds of bacterial strains from Sichuan and Jiangxi paddy soil, the maximum accumulation amount of Fe reduction rate was constant, the maximum reaction rate and ferric reduction rate of ferric strain JX-a08 all increased as temperature rose, which showed that bacterial strain JX-a08 were suitable to 50℃.

在30和50℃培养温度下，来源于吉林、天津和四川的3种水稻土微生物群落添加AQDS可使Fe还原的反应速率常数增加10%~288%，而温度变化的增加幅度仅为6%~17%；对分离自四川和江西水稻土中的6株铁还原菌的纯培养试验发现，菌株JX-a08的Fe最大累积量、还原速率常数、最大反应速率及铁还原率均随培养温度的升高明显增加，表明菌株JX-a08更适于在50℃下生长。

It was found from the structure-electrochemical studies of cytochrome c that (1) the secondary and tertiary structural changes of cytochrome c are greatly influenced by the reductions of tyrosine residues and iron ions in heme;(2) the reduction reaction dose not induce the configuration transition;(3)α helix, parallel β sheet, antiparallel β sheet and random coil take part in the complex secondary structural transitions;(4) mechanism and parameters about the electroreduction have also been obtained.

在细胞色素c的结构-电化学研究中发现：（1）细胞色素c的二级和三级结构受电场和酪氨酸残基及血红素中Fe的电化学还原的影响，其中酪氨酸残基还原的影响较大；（2）细胞色素c的电化学还原没有发生构型转化现象；（3）细胞色素c参与二级结构变化的构象有α螺旋，平行β折叠，反平行β折叠和无规卷曲；各组份随电位的变化复杂；（4）获得细胞色素c电化学还原的机理和参数

In this paper,the electrochemical reduction of CO2 by various metal electrodes in aqueous solution,organic solvent and molten salt media is reviewed,which includes reaction activity and mechanism of every kind of metal electrodes. The effect of electrode,temperature,pressure,electrode potential and electrolyte on the selective and Faradaic e...

综述了金属电极在水溶液、有机溶剂以及熔融体中电还原CO2的研究现况，包括各类金属在电还原CO2过程中所表现出的反应活性以及生成相应产物的反应机理；介绍了电极、温度、压力、电极电位和电解质等因素对金属电极电还原选择性及法拉第电流效率的影响；展望了CO2电还原的未来研究方向及应用前景。

F. On the other hand, as the gas with high oxidizability introduced to pre-reduction process, it will give a lower reductibility of iron ore and as the ore come to the final process the burden of the final reduction vessel will be heavier, the refractories of it will be corroded seriously and the campaign-life of it will be shorter.

终还原排出的煤气可以供预还原使用，由于排出煤气温度较高，需要降温才能供预还原炉使用，在此过程中煤气的物理热未被利用，这是目前熔融还原工艺能源消耗普遍大于高炉工艺能源消耗的主要原因；同时排出煤气氧化度较高，影响到矿石的预还原率较低，铁浴终还原的负担较重，终还原炉渣对炉衬的侵蚀严重，影响到铁浴终还原炉的寿命。

In 1973 the Institute of Chemical Metallurgy was engaged to carry out research on fluidizcd roasting of titaniferous iron ore containing vanadium, with the special objective of utilizing the local resources of natural gas and hydraulic electric power, by reduction of the ore with a hydrogen-rich gas followed by melting of the reduced cinder in an electric furnace in order to separate the iron from a slag rich in vanadium and titanium.

化工冶金研究所于1973年接受了&流态化焙烧还原钒钛铁矿&的任务，要求结合当地资源，用天然气还原铁精矿，用水力发电熔化焙砂，再从熔渣中提取钒和钛。我们对流态化还原的若干方面开展了试验研究，包括铁精矿还原反应数据的获得和有关分析，以及可供应用的两种流态化反应器的工程研究。第一种是气控式多层流态化床，第二种是快速流态化反应器。此外，对于流态化还原中的失流以及熔砂的渣～铁分离和从熔渣中提取钒钛，也进行了试验研究。

The presence of BaO affected the TPR performance of Co/SiO2, and Ba loading of 2% increased the reduction degree of Co/SiO2 at the moderate temperature (450℃). The difference of the TPR performance between unpromoted and promoted catalyst samples could be ascribed to the induction of the reduction of BaO, and the interactions between barium oxide and silica, barium oxide and cobalt oxide.

研究结果表明，氧化钡明显地影响Co/SiO2的还原性能；添加2%氧化钡提高了Co/SiO2在中温(450℃)条件下的还原度；氧化钡的还原对Co/SiO2还原的诱导、氧化钡与氧化硅及与氧化钴之间的相互作用是导致Co/SiO2还原性能变化的原因。

The results indicate that the extent of reduction and carburization was intensified by prolonging the reduction duration or by increasing the reduction temperature. The catalyst activity and stability was enhanced with the reduction at 270℃ compared with those reduced at lower temperature (240℃) or unreduced samples.

结果表明，在240℃延长还原时间或将还原温度升高到270℃均有利于催化剂的还原，270℃还原的催化剂的活性和稳定性明显高于未还原和240℃还原的催化剂，催化剂的运行稳定性与催化剂在反应过程中的流失量有密切关系。

In comparison with the conventional viewpoint of kinetics,some unsimilarity among feature in solid state reduction process of iron ore in D.R.shaft furnace or in shaft of blast furnace is indicated such as:all factors influencing reduction are weakened, the reducibility of H_2 is not always superior to CO,the conventional gas heating curve would be modified and a new understanding of the reserve zone of reduc- tion process is found.

利用此模型对移动床还原过程进行了研究，发现了和经典动力学观点有所不同的有关竖炉和高炉固相区还原过程的一些特点和规律，如：所有因素对还原的影响均减弱；H_2的还原能力并不一定总是优越于 CO；传统的热交换曲线应有所改进；对还原过程的反应空区有了新的解释。

So, according to the characteristics of reduction of IO-CP, the idea and theory of self-heating reduction of IOCP and a new reduction process in a co-current shaft furnace are developed.

本文根据铁矿-煤球团还原特性，建立了自热还原理论，并在此理论基础上提出了在并流竖炉中进行自热还原的新工艺。

The main research work of this dissertation is as follows: Based on the chemical reaction engineering theory and the nitrobenzene electroreduction mechanism, the plate and frame electrolyzer was designed and applied to the process of electroreduction nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol. This dissertation measured the residence time distribution data of the electrolyzer by means of the pulse response method and studied the rule of flow pattern along with the current capacity change. Under different conditions ,this dissertation studied the cyclic voltammetry properties of nitrobenzene on different electrodes by means of the dynamic cyclic voltammetry method and the electrode materials applied to the NB electroreduction have been selected primarily.Baseed on the results of cyclic voltammetry tests, this dissertation used p-electrode systems to measure the steady-state- polarization curves of nitrobenzene on different electrodes in H-type diaphragm cell, and obtained each primary factor s influence rule and the exchange current density value of each electrode.And then on the basis of the conclusions of fundamental researchs upword, the effects of influence factors on the the yield of p-aminophenol and the current efficiency,such as electrode material, current density, quantity of electricity circulated, nitrobenzene concentration . sulpuric acid concentration and so on, have been studied in detail in the systems of hign temperature , strong acidity and oxygen-poorthrough a series of electrolysis experiments in this paper.After all using Pb as anode Monel metal as cathode Dupont Nafion 417 cation-exchange membrane as membrane, this dissertation obtained the optimum technological condition: reaction temperature about 85C, current density 500A m-2, sulphuric acid concentration 20%wt.

论文的主要研究工作为：运用化学反应工程理论，结合硝基苯的电还原机理，设计出用于硝基苯直接电还原合成对氨基苯酚实验的板框式电解槽，并利用脉冲响应法测定了该板框式电解槽的停留时间分布数据，研究了流型随流量变化的规律；通过动态循环伏安法研究了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的循环伏安特性，初步评选出了用于硝基苯电还原的电极材料；结合循环伏安的测定结果，在H型隔膜电解槽中采用三电极体系测定了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的稳态极化曲线，得到了各主要因素的影响规律及硝基苯在各个电极上电还原的交换电流密度数值；在基础研究结论指导下，采用板框式电解槽，在高温、强酸、贫氧系统中，进行了一系列的电解实验，分别考察了电极材料、电流密度、通电量、硝基苯浓度、硫酸浓度等因素对收率及电流效率的影响，最终选择以蒙乃尔合金电极作为阴极、铅合金为阳极、Dupont Nofion 417阳离子交换膜为隔膜，得到由硝基苯直接电还原制对氨基苯酚的最佳电解工艺条件：反应温度85℃，电流密度500A·m~(-2)，硫酸浓度20％wt。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。