还原

In the one half part, according to the strontium nature, thermodynamic calculation of correlative reaction and the principle of the vacuum aluminothermy reduction process, with the laboratory findings of preparation strontium by vacuum aluminothermy reduction compared and analyzed in different parameter conditions, a variety of factors which effect the decomposition rate of SrCO_3 and the percent reduction of strontia are gotten out. The factors include that the decomposition rate of SrCO_3 is influenced by different addition and pressure. They also include that the percent reduction of strontia is influenced by excess coefficient of reducing agent aluminium powder, the particle size of raw material or reducing agent, the pressure of barbecuing, temperature and reduction time. According to those, we can draw the conclusion as follows:(1) Decomposition temperature of SrCO_3 is decreased by adding carbon and alumina in different degree.(2) With quantitative carbon added under the vacuum condition, the decomposition temperature of SrCO_3 is decreased obviously, which can fall 150℃ compared with atmospheric pressure.(3) In keeping 1150℃ of 2.5h, under the 5Pa vacuum condition, the decomposition rate of SrCO_3 nearly keeps in 99% steadily.

在前半部分的真空铝热还原法中，根据锶的性质、相关反应的热力学计算及真空铝热还原法原理，通过对不同参数条件下的真空铝热还原法生产金属锶的实验结果的分析比较，得出了影响SrCO_3的分解率和氧化锶的还原率的种种因素，具体因素包括不同添加剂、不同气压对SrCO_3分解率的影响，还原剂铝粉的过量系数、原料与还原剂的粒度、制团压力、温度和还原时间等对氧化锶还原率的影响，得出具体结论如下：(1)添加碳和Al_2O_3能不同程度的降低SrCO_3的分解温度；(2)真空条件下加入一定量的碳可显著降低SrCO_3的分解温度，比之常压下可降低150℃之多；(3)在1150℃恒温2.5h、真空度达到5Pa的条件下，SrCO_3的分解率几乎保持稳定在99％；(4)氧化锶的还原率随还原剂过量系数的增大而增大，但是趋势越来越小，当过量系数超过25％后，氧化锶的还原率几乎不再增加；(5)氧化锶的还原率随原料与还原剂的粒度的变细而增加；(6)氧化锶的还原率随制团压力的增加而增加，但超过一定值后，氧化锶的还原率反而会下降；(7)氧化锶的还原率随还原温度的升高而增加；(8)氧化锶的还原率随还原时间延长而增加，在本实验条件下，超过2.5h趋于稳定。

The novel vacuum furnace is employed in laboratory study. Compared with atmosphere magnesium carbothermic reduction furnace, this new one has the merits of high automation, easy manipulation and fine safety. Vacuum coking, vacuum carbothermic reduction process and magnesium vapory condensation process can be carried out in a furnace.

小型实验结果证明：还原温度升高，还原时间延长，氧化镁还原率增大，添加适量的氟化物对还原反应有促进作用；还原过程中真空度随时间的变化具有规律性，由此可以判断还原反应进行的速度与程度；真空中煤还原氧化镁的条件是：配料时保证C：MgO=3：1，并加入占总料重10％的氟化钙作为催化剂，尽可能的提高反应温度至1500℃以上，保温30～40分钟。

The value of current density and the apparent active energy of electroreduction of substituted nitrobenzene depend on the electronic effect of substituted group and space resistance. o,m,p-chloronitrobenzene will be electroreduced to azoxy compounds by taking three electrons, o,m-nitrotoulene and o,m-nitrobenzoic acid will be reduced to phenol compounds by taking four electrons, and p-nitrotoulene will be reduced to the aniline by taking six electrons. According to these results, the electroreduction mechanism of the substituted aryl nitro-compounds was studied in detail.

在电还原过程中，还原峰电流和表观活化能的大小均与取代基的电子效应和空间位阻相关，同时取代硝基氯苯得3个电子将还原生成氧化偶氮苯类化合物：邻、间硝基甲苯、硝基苯甲酸得4个电子将还原生成酚类化合物；对硝基甲苯得6个电子将还原生成胺类化合物，在此基础上，探讨了各芳族硝基化合物的电还原机理。

In the paper, some factors influencing the effect of reduction including the anodic material, the cathodal material, the area ratio of cathode to anode and the kind of electrolyte have been investigated and screened out. The result showed that under the same reduction conditions, the reduction of Cr6+ has better effect to use lead-antimony alloy as anode, iron plate as cathode, which area ratio is 7:1 and potassium sulphate as electrolyte.

本文首先对影响电解还原效果的阳极材料、阴极材料、阴阳极面积比和支持电解质加入的种类等因素进行了研究筛选，结果表明：在同样电解还原条件下，实验中阳极采用铅-锑合金，阴极采用铁板，阴阳极面积比取7∶1，支持电解质取为硫酸钾时，具有较好的Cr~(6+)还原效果；同时在采用铅-锑合金作阳极的条件下，通过正交实验，对影响直接在碱性介质中电解还原低浓度含铬废水的其他因素进行了研究，即研究了在电化学还原过程中，Cr~(6+)的初始浓度、极板间距、支持电解质的加入量、搅拌情况等因素对还原效果的影响程度，确定出了主要的影响因素。

The result indicated that, although microorganism from paddy soil could directly reduce Cr, the reduecing rate and efficiency were limited; the higher Cr concentration was, the less reducing ability the microbial showed; the microbe from different paddy soils had different effects on Cr reducing abilities; The reducing ability of the microbe from Sichuan paddy soil was higher than that from Jiangxi paddy soil. Cr added could be rapidly reduced in paddy soil under anaerobic incubation, moreover, the process of dissimilatory iron reduction of soil could obviously promote the Cr reduction. The existent of Cr could delay the appearance of Fe; the higher Cr concentration was, the later Fe appeared. The delayed time of Fe appearance was in accordance with the ending time of Cr reduction.

结果表明，由水稻土中提取的微生物虽然能够直接还原Cr，但其还原速率和还原程度有限，且Cr浓度越高，微生物的还原能力越差；不同来源的上壤微生物对Cr的还原能力有所差异，其中四川水稻土中微生物对Cr的还原能力均大于江西水稻土；在厌氧培养的水稻土中，添加的Cr可以较迅速地还原，其中土壤氧化铁的微生物还原过程对Cr还原具有明显的促进作用；Cr的存在导致Fe生成的时间出现滞后，目Cr浓度越大生成Fe的滞后时间越长；Fe产生滞后的时间与Cr还原结束的时间具有一致性。

F. On the other hand, as the gas with high oxidizability introduced to pre-reduction process, it will give a lower reductibility of iron ore and as the ore come to the final process the burden of the final reduction vessel will be heavier, the refractories of it will be corroded seriously and the campaign-life of it will be shorter.

终还原排出的煤气可以供预还原使用，由于排出煤气温度较高，需要降温才能供预还原炉使用，在此过程中煤气的物理热未被利用，这是目前熔融还原工艺能源消耗普遍大于高炉工艺能源消耗的主要原因；同时排出煤气氧化度较高，影响到矿石的预还原率较低，铁浴终还原的负担较重，终还原炉渣对炉衬的侵蚀严重，影响到铁浴终还原炉的寿命。

It was found that PLZT was easily reduced and the thickness of reduced layer had a linear relationship with the reduction time; The optimal conditions for PLZT were determined to be 950℃ for 1~5 hours; Reduced PLZT was composed of reduced and unreduced layer obviously and the reduced layer was transgranularly fractured while the unreduced ceramic was intergranularly fractured; Metallic lead and refractor oxides (PbO, ZrO2, TiO2, etc.) were found in the reduced layer, however, the crystal structure of PLZT was not found.

研究表明，PLZT具有较好的还原性能，还原层厚度与时间有线性关係，理想的还原条件为：950℃保温1~1.5h；还原样品有明显的分层结构，还原层表现出穿晶断裂而未还原层则是沿晶断裂的特徵；还原层主要由金属Pb及PbO， ZrO2， TiO2等氧化物组成，原先的晶体结构已不存在。

The reduction performance s of both unreduced ZA-5 and pre-reduced ZA-5H ammonia catalyst with large particle size as used in industry were measured by thermogravimetry (NET-ZSCH STA 449C).

采用热分析方法，研究了工业粒度ZA-5型氧化态和预还原态氨合成催化剂的还原性能，考察了还原温度、压力、空速、催化剂粒度、气体组成对还原速率和还原后催化剂活性的影响，提出了ZA-5催化剂的还原粒度效应及其工业还原过程中优化条件的基本原则。

And we also get the fact that many vat dyestuffs can not be suitable for spun-dyed for viscose as dyed-reagents with the way of "reducing-oxidizing", such as C.I. Vat Blue 6, C.I. Vat Red 29, C.I. Vat Black 29, C.I. Vat Orange 1, C.I. Vat Brown 3 and so on. But some vat dyestuffs have a stable color, such as C.I. Vat Green 3, C.I. Vat Black 8 and so on.

通过实验可知，还原蓝BC、还原大红R、还原灰BG、还原金黄RK、还原棕R等还原染料，在高浓度碱剂、带碱氧化等加工条件下会产生不可逆的色光变化，而且变化程度较大，使得这些染料均不能以&还原－氧化&方式应用于粘胶的纺液着色加工，而还原橄榄绿B、还原灰M等染料受高浓度碱剂、带碱氧化等因素的影响较小，色光较为稳定。

These dissonances seem to demand resolution,the bass wanting to move up to C,the upper parts needing to fall to G and 还原E respectively.

这些dissonances似乎需求决议中，低音要提升至C ，上层部分需要将下降至G和还原é分别。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。