近轴的

The primary phases of Al-10% Cu, Al-20% Cu Al-40% Cu alloy are nearly equiaxed spherical or rose spherical by semi-solid processing. Compared with the coarse arborization of Al-10% Cu, Al-20% Cu Al-40% Cu alloy of conventional casting, the structure of alloy is extremely improved and the appropriate grain size for the engineering application is obtained.

结果表明：利用半固态加工，可以使Al-10%Cu、Al-20%Cu、Al-40% Cu合金的初生相呈近等轴的球状或蔷薇球状，与普通铸造Al-10% Cu、Al-20% Cu、Al-40%Cu合金较粗大的树枝状相比，合金的组织得到显著的改善，达到了工程应用晶粒大小。

Then with the relations between the output of interface 1 and the input of interface 2, double refraction and/or double internal reflection in a crystal along two successive interfaces can be calculated.

在惠更斯定理的基础上，对从空气到晶体的折射、从晶体到空气的折射、近光轴入射的晶体全内反射和近光轴反射的晶体全内反射这四种单个界面上的双折射双反射情况，给出了同时适用于o光和e光的光线方向和光波法线方向的普遍公式。

Using the relations between Hermite and Laguerre-Gaussian modes and expanding the window function of two-dimensional rectangular hard-edged apertures into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, the propagation of complex- argument Laguerre-Gaussian beams through a paraxial optical ABCD system with a rectangular hard-edged aperture is studied. An analytical propagation equation is derived and used to study the diffraction at the rectangular hard-edged aperture and the focusing properties of complex-argument LG beams.

利用拉盖尔－高斯模和厄米－高斯模的变换公式，并使用将二维矩孔光阑窗口函数展开为有限个复高斯函数之和的方法，得到了复宗量拉盖尔－高斯光束通过含矩形硬边光阑近轴ABCD光学系统的变换的解析传输公式，并对复宗量LG光束通过矩形硬边光阑的衍射和聚焦特性进行了研究。

With tile ovary maturing, the orifice was narrowed because of tile ovary growth at last fused completely. The gynoecium is composed of a single carpel.(1) In tile series developmental sections of ovary, the ovular primordium was initiated on the adaxial meristem when tile mouth of ovary was formed.

子房由1枚心皮构成；(4)从子房发育过程的切片看，该植物的胚珠是在子房发生后不久发生的，子房上的圆孔形成时，从近轴侧的分生组织发生胚珠原基，由胚珠原基分化出珠被与珠心。

This project is to analyze the distribution of the light in the high-power laser system, it bases on principles of ray optical, use the paraxial ray trace and real ray trace , proposes a new data structure and way to simulate the light in the optical system in the computer.

本课题就是以含衍射元件的大功率激光装置中由于多次残余反射形成的鬼像为研究对象，从光线光学的基本原理出发，应用近轴光线与空间光线追迹相结合的技术路线，提出一种新型的分析方法和数据结构，开发出用于含衍射元件的高功率激光系统杂散光分析的软件。

By means of the Fourier series expansion, an approximate analytical propagation equation of flattened Gaussian beams passing through an apertured paraxial ABCD optical system is derived, and illustrated with numerical examples, when the transmissivity of the aperture is T = cos.

用傅立叶级数展开法研究了平顶高斯光束通过有光阑限制的近轴ABCD光学系统的传输特性，导出了光阑透射率为T=cos时的近似解析传输公式，硬边光阑的情况可作为Ω=0的特例得到。

By means of the Fourier series expansion,an app roximate analytical propagation equation of flattened Gaussian beams passi ng through an apertured paraxial ABCD optical system is derived,and illustr ated with numerical examples,when the transmissivity of the aperture is T=cos.

用傅里叶级数展开法研究了平顶高斯光束通过有光阑限制的近轴ABCD光学系统的传输特性，导出了光阑透射率为T =cos时的近似解析传输公式，硬边光阑的情况可作为Ω=0的特例得到。

It is found from experiment that when pumped by skew light along the fibre's axis, both transverse electric wave and transverse magnetic wave exist in WGM lasing emission simultaneitly. With the increase of refractive index of cladding dye solution, the wavelength spacing between TE and TM waves of which the radial mode number and angular mode number are the same value decreases, and the central lasing wavelength of WGM bluely shifts to short wavelength direction.

实验发现，在抽运光以偏斜光线方式沿光纤的近轴向抽运时，回音壁模式的光纤激光辐射中，既存在光电矢量和光纤径向垂直的横电波，也存在光电矢量和光纤径向平行的横磁波；随增益包层染料溶液折射率的增加，径向模式数和角模式数相同的TE波和TM波之间的波长差单调减小，回音壁模式激光辐射的中心波长向短波方向移动，辐射的波长范围变窄。

From the base to the crown in axial, the vessel-elements proportion increases in fluctuation, contrary to the ray proportion. The fiber proportions in the regions of base and crown are less than that in the trunk of tree, and fluctuate at 65% or so. The parenchym proportion increases quickly to the 1.3m height of tree, reaching the maximum at 9.52%, and then decreases quickly to the 3.3m height of tree (8.90%); afterward it leveled off and increases slightly.

组织比量轴向变异表现为随树高增加导管比量波动性递增，与木射线比量相反；纤维比量在近根区和近冠区稍小，而主干部稍大，并在65%左右波动；轴向薄壁细胞比量先随树高增加急剧增加，到1.3m树高处达最大值（9.52%）后又急剧降低至3.3m树高处的8.90%，以后基本稳定并在波动中略有增加。

Considering the contributions due to viewed cone centred on the object point and extending through the luminnor body, the distribution of intensity in the image plane can be expressed by the integration of emitted powers of luminor body over the entire sightline under the paraxial approximation.

考虑到成像光锥的贡献，在近轴近似下，得到了用发光体的辐射强度表示像平面上照度分布的积分表达式，由此得到下列结果：1沿光路上每一垂直于光路的平面上能量贡献是一样的。2由于光路积分，探测器测到的光强涨落的幅度小于实际的涨落幅度，但在一定的条件下，发光体的涨落图像可重现。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。