近轴

The homocentricity of the reflectional and refractional light beam on the rotational hyperboloid is studied .

研究了光在旋转双曲面上反射与折射光束的单心性，正确得到了其近轴成象的一般公式，给出了应用举例。

Designating the upper or adaxial surface of the lateral organs of plants, such as leaves.

腹侧的：指植物上部或近轴的侧器的表面。

In this work, the equations describing circular Gaussian beams propagating inside absorptive Keer medium have been derived from nonlinear paraxial equation. Based on the equations, an evolution equation of beam waist lias been obtained.

本文从非线性近轴波方程出发，导出了在吸收克尔介质中具有二次位相因子的圆对称高斯光束的传输方程，得到了光束束腰的演化方程。

Next to or facing the main stem or axis .

叶子的上部被称为近轴表面。

Anatomical and histological analysis showed that the lose of function of ALM1 caused the increases of the cell number of vesicle parenchymatous cell, though the cells in vascular bundle were normal.

从叶片细胞形态学切片观察发现，ALM1基因功能的丧失造成了维管束两侧、靠近叶片近轴面的泡状薄壁细胞的增加，其维管束细胞结构正常。

With tile ovary maturing, the orifice was narrowed because of tile ovary growth at last fused completely. The gynoecium is composed of a single carpel.(1) In tile series developmental sections of ovary, the ovular primordium was initiated on the adaxial meristem when tile mouth of ovary was formed.

子房由1枚心皮构成；(4)从子房发育过程的切片看，该植物的胚珠是在子房发生后不久发生的，子房上的圆孔形成时，从近轴侧的分生组织发生胚珠原基，由胚珠原基分化出珠被与珠心。

This project is to analyze the distribution of the light in the high-power laser system, it bases on principles of ray optical, use the paraxial ray trace and real ray trace , proposes a new data structure and way to simulate the light in the optical system in the computer.

本课题就是以含衍射元件的大功率激光装置中由于多次残余反射形成的鬼像为研究对象，从光线光学的基本原理出发，应用近轴光线与空间光线追迹相结合的技术路线，提出一种新型的分析方法和数据结构，开发出用于含衍射元件的高功率激光系统杂散光分析的软件。

Taking stray light in "Shenguang III" as the study subject and basing on the basic principle of geometrical optics,Applying the technological path of paraxial ray and real ray tracing,a new analytic way and data structure,which suits for the specific requirement in analysis and process of ghost images,is presented.

本课题就是以"神光-Ⅲ"激光装置中的杂散光为研究对象，针对高功率多程放大系统在鬼像分析与处理方面特殊要求，从光线光学的基本原理出发，应用近轴光线与空间光线追迹技术路线，提出一种新型的分析方法和数据结构。

All backscattering field s intensity from conducting plate can be calculated by complex ray method ,especially complex ray paraxial approximation in angle domain through modeling the conducting plate.

本文通过建立导电平板反射场分析模型，利用复射线方法特别是角域中的复射线近轴近似方法，有效地实现了导电平板在整个后向范围内散射场的计算，同时计算精度可以由复射线展开参数ξ来加以控制。

Applying matrix optics to paraxial rays, which travel through different optical elements illuminated with high-power Gaussian beams, the positions of ghost image s affected by Kerr-effect-induced nonlinear refractive index of the illuminated optics are studied.

在近轴条件下，利用矩阵光学的方法研究了高功率高斯光束通过不同光学元件时，克尔效应导致的介质折射率的变化对鬼像位置的影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。