近似误差

The approximate formula of circumferential stress and the absolute error is accepted, which is easy for the application.

周向应力的近似公式及其绝对误差的公式简单易行，便於临床应用。

Distance between the acromion and the center of the shoulder was calculated by the data of this experimentation. The absolute value of error was smaller than 2.7 cm.

通过实验得出了肩关节中心与肩峰位置之间的近似距离，实际测量误差的绝对值均小于2.7cm。

An implicit Curve reconstruction method is proposed which represents the curve with all algebraic tensor-product B-spline,and minimizes the tension ofthe B-spline and the approximate geometric distance between the curve and the point set.

提出一种以代数张量积样条曲线作为几何表示形式，基于近似几何误差和薄板能量极小化的隐式重构模型。

Double-precision measurements of the bridge higher, but in terms of accession to the approximate calculation, and therefore will have a certain margin of error.

双电桥测量精度较高，但在计算中加入了近似计算，因此会产生一定的误差。

An approximate formula of the signal-to-noise ratio is obtained based on the expression of the average error power.

在给出误差平均功率表达式的基础上，推导出信噪比的近似计算公式。

First, in the composite hypothesis testing, circular dispersion error which is more practicable than horizontal and vertical error is used to discuss some problems of the dispersion of impact points; and the critical area of decision in the dispersion problem is analyzed; the specific expression of Bayesian risk is worked out, which ameliorates the method that only can get the approximate solution by calculating numerical integration.

由此，本文主要应用Bayes方法对以下几方面进行了探讨：首先，在复杂假设下，本文利用圆散布误差这一精度指标对落点散布鉴定问题进行研究，它比以往所用的纵、横向偏差精度指标更具现实意义；分析了此鉴定问题的决策临界区域；给出其Bayes风险的具体表达式，对用数值积分进行近似求解的方法进行了改进；在此基础上，通过极小化试验的风险确定最优试验数n，并讨论了决策中犯两类错误的概率，给出了验前信息的表示。

The study shows that this approximate solution will yield relatively great errors in many cases.

研究表明，很多情况下这种近似解法将产生较大的误差。

Following which, we give the error estimates between the approximate solution and the exact solution.

接着，我们又给出了方程近似解与精确解之间的误差估计。

The relationship between the sample mass and the number of particles were investigated for different sampling modes (sampling by mass and sampling by the number of particles).

按质量取样的误差理论的提出，解决了长期以来人们在考虑按质量取样的误差时所必须进行的近似处理的局限性，填补了该领域的一项空白。

Based on the relevant movement between hard shaper cutter and grinding wheel, the movements of grinding wheel are studied. The shaping grinding point and the shaping grinding edge are made up with. In order to easily compare when shaping errors and cutting edge"s angles are the most excellent, uniform expressions for convex curved rake face of hard shaping cutter and spatial cutting edge curve are separately developed. The distributions of new profiling cutter"s shaping errors and cutting edges angles are analyzed. The relevant grinding wheel and cam are designed. Due to this paper, a new profiling hard shaping cutter has been manufactured successfully. At last experiments are made to test the performance of hard shaping cutter and all kinds of precision of hard gear.

本文直接从插齿刀与砂轮之间的相对运动关系出发，单独研究砂轮的运动，提出砂轮成形磨削点和砂轮成形磨削刃的概念；分别建立圆柱砂轮和圆锥砂轮磨削后硬齿面插齿刀的波形前刀面方程及空间切削刃方程；为便于比较何种情况下插齿刀的构形误差和切削角度能同时达到最优，分别对磨削五种不同硬齿面插齿刀所用的砂轮进行了廓形设计，并分析了插齿刀的构形误差和侧切削刃切削角度的分布规律；为插齿刀波形前刀面的磨削加工设计了相应的凸轮，用所设计的凸轮和近似的砂轮成功地制造出新构形法硬齿面插齿刀；最后进行插齿加工试验，检验新构形法硬齿面插齿刀的抗崩刃能力、耐磨性及被加工硬齿面齿轮的各项精度。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。