近似计算

Adjacency search, double linked element list, random direction search, adjacency rotation, and heredity of geometrical quantities are applied to increase the efficiency of mesh generation. The relationship between the computing time and the number of generated elements is nearly linear and the time complexity is O(N^1.05), where N is the number of elements.

采用了邻接单元搜索、双向链表存储、随机方向搜索、邻接旋转、几何量继承等技术，使算法的计算时间与生成单元数近似呈线性关系，时间复杂度达到O(N^1.05)，N为生成单元数。

The numerical results indicated that the mixing time decreases about linearly with increasing current intensity. The mixing time decreases first then increases with increasing current frequency and comes up to its minimum value at 30Hz. Applying the traveling magnetic field to the uptake or downtake when the exciting current intensity is 200 A at 10 Hz, the mixing time can be shortened by 9%~17%. With the operating conditions kept unchanged, shorter mixing time is available if applying the traveling magnetic field to the uptake instead of downtake, and the time can be shortened by 18%~26% if applying the magnetic field to both the uptake and downtake. Moreover, the mixing time decreases with increasing argon blowing flowrate, and the time comes down to its minimum value if the argon blowing flowrate is 1 600 NL/min. After the moment, the mixing time increases with argon blowing flowrate.

计算结果表明：混匀时间随电流强度的增大而减小，并且近似成线性关系；混匀时间随电流频率的增加先减小后增大，并且在30Hz 时达到极小值；在励磁电流强度为200A ，频率为10Hz 的条件下，在上升管或下降管施加行波磁场混匀时间可缩短9%~17%；在相同操作条件下，在上升管处施加行波磁场混匀时间小于在下降管施加行波磁场的混匀时间；同时在上升管和下降管施加行波磁场，混匀时间可缩短18%~26%；混匀时间随吹氩量的增大而减小，在吹氩量为1600NL/min 时混匀时间达到极小值，吹氩量继续增大时，混匀时间反而增大。

And by using IM, the RCS of a dielectric plate and array antennas of dielectric cylinders guiding electromagmetic field with finite length are calculated. IM method gets rid of the inversion of a large matrix and its solution can be fast convergent, so it is simple and especially fit for solving the problems with which the high-frequencies and the low-frequencies deal difficultly.

本文所作主要工作及贡献如下：（1）在考虑馈源匹配良好的状况下，用各种高频近似法对卡塞格伦天线、二维与三维反射面天线的电磁散射与RCS进行了全面地分析计算，并对旋转反射器表面形状进行了低RCS外形优化设计。

Based on visualization technique of scientific calculation, object-oriented modeling technique and thoughts of software engineering, CAD software for TWT's electron optics has been developed.

论文提出了环形电子束的概念，通过对栅丝的适当近似建立了栅网的等效环圈模型，实现栅控电子枪的模拟计算，并具有一定的精度。

Guan Lingyun Upper and lower bounds of effective bulk and shear moduli for elastic composite materials with general ellipsoid of revolution inclusion have been calculated by using the approximate formulae ,which related to the effective moduli of composite materials with imperfect interface under finite deformation ,in reference .

应用文献〔13〕中有限变形下非完美界面弹性复合材料有效模量的近似公式和微分几何方法，计算了含一般旋转椭球体夹杂弹性复合材料有效体积模量和有效剪切模量的上下限界。

The cell shape effect was qualitatively simulated by an ellipsoidal cell model and more realistic spherocylinder model.

计算中我们采用了稀悬浮液和弱外场极限下的近似。

During the BPSE process, a high-speed special mode frame is sent, bit error rate is fed back to the sender, as well as signal to noise and BERs for each rate are obtained by looking up the empirical BER/SNR curve. During the SLRA process, the equation of goodput relative to BER and frame length is solved, to obtain the maximized goodput and its related BER and frame length.

SLRA先通过求解有效带宽、BER和包长度的解析方程，然后得到各种速率下的最优有效带宽、及其相应的包长度，从而在理论上优化有效带宽；由于SLRA计算过程非常复杂，我们提出了近似查表的方法来简化优化过程，使得其适用于便携式通信设备。

The effect of the bond wire is considered by incorporating its equivalent inductance into the design of the filters.

所以在我们设计的滤波器当中，必须要把镑线近似於等效电感的效应考虑和计算进去。

Based on the equivalent transformation from fuzzy possibility distribution to random probability density distribution, the fuzzy random failure probability calculation can be formulated easily, and a First Order and Second Moment method for fuzzy - random analysis is established.

提出了模糊随机可靠性分析的近似解析和数字模拟综合方法，基于模糊变量的等价随机化变换，可以方便地得到模糊随机失效概率的计算公式，并建立了模糊随机可靠性分析的一次二阶矩法。

The grain boundary energy, as a function of the excess volume △V, is closely related to the crystalline structure for the same element.

分别采用普适状态方程和准谐德拜近似对Co的fcc与hcp结构和Fe的fcc与bcc结构的界面能进行了计算，结果表明同一种元素不同结构的界面能有差异，它们的界面能是过剩体积△V的函数。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。