近似极限

An approximate formula for calculating the ultimate load on a foundation was derived by using the generalized limit equilibrium method.

应用广义极限平衡法获得了地基极限荷载的近似计算公式。

In this paper, Galerkin method is employed. First, test functions to satisfy natural boundary conditions are selected. Then the approximate analytic formulations of the system frequency are derived. Meanwhile the approximate analytic formulation of the limit velocity is got.

采用直接法，首先选取满足自然边界条件的试函数，而后求出了系统固有频率的近似解析公式，同时也得到了极限流速的近似解析公式。

Firstly part of quadratic term of Taylor series is chosen; a low-dimension surface is used to approximate limit state surface ; and the modified reliability formula is derived.

首次选取泰勒级数的部分二次项，用一个距原点最近点处拟合的超低维曲面近似极限状态面。

We discuss asymptotically best linear unbiased estimators of the Logistic population based on selected order statistics and give the formula of computing the ABLUE, the variance and the covariance of the ABLUE in limit, and properties of the ABLUE, and so on. We give the optimum chosen of spacing which is the ABLUE with maximum asymptotic relative efficiency based on complete sample when selected order statistics number is less than 10, and obtain its maximum asymptotic relative efficiency.

讨论基于Logistic总体Ⅱ型截尾样本的若干个样本分位数的总体分布参数的近似最佳线性无偏估计；给出了该近似最佳线性无偏估计的计算公式，估计方差与协方差的极限表达式及估计量的大样本性质等；给出了全样本，样本分位点个数固定，但不超过10情形下，使上述近似最佳线性无偏估计有最大相对联合估计效率时，样本分位数选取法及最大相对联合估计效率；为大样本情形下，该近似最佳线性无偏估计的应用提供了理论依据。

Central Limit Theorem -- States that distribution of sample means tends towards an approximate normal distribution.

中心极限定理--样本的均值近似服从正态分布。如果样本容量较大，那么其均值的分布越近似于正态分布。

For a 3D system, formulae for a general polynomial controller applied to the normal form of a system and for the relvant stability index are derived. Thereby the amplitude approximation in terms of control gains of the controlled system is solved.

对于三维系统，研究了作用于标准型下系统的普适的多项式控制器设计以及相应的极限环稳定性指标的计算，建立了受控系统的极限环幅值与控制增益之间的近似解析关系。

Integral of one variable functions, improper integral and its convergence properties.

本课程的主要内容包括：1 各种极限运算，其中包括数列极限、函数极限以及上、下极限；2 一元函数的微分学，包括微分和导数的运算法则、微分中值定理及其应用等；3 一元函数的积分和广义积分及其收敛性；4 级数及其收敛性，包括数值级数的收敛性和函数项级数的各种运算和性质；5 多元函数的微分学及其应用，其中很多方面与一元函数的微分学近似，需要注意它们之间的区别；6 多元函数的积分学，包括多重积分的性质与计算，多重积分的的应用等；7 曲线、曲面积分及其应用；8 含参变量积分的计算与性质；9 Fourier 级数及其应用，等等。

This paper introduces the Taylor formula of one dollar and multi-definition, then the proof of the value from the formula, respectively, that inequality in the value of derivatives is estimated that about industry estimates, demand infinity limit, the median point of the limit function limits, approximation, function equations and so on Taylor formula to do the induction.

本文首先介绍了一元和多元泰勒公式的定义，然后分别从证明中值公式，证明不等式，导数的中值估计，关于界的估计，求无穷远处的极限，中值点的极限，函数的极限，近似计算，函数方程中的应用等方面对泰勒公式的应用做了归纳。

Based on chapter two, In chapter three, the method of multiple scales is introduced to the study of the multiple-dimensional nonlinear stochastic systems under random external excitation. Using method of multiple scales, we strictly deduce the equation of modulation of amplitude and phase. The effects of random excitations are analyzed; numerical simulations verify the results. Theoretical and numerical simulations show that when the intensity of the random excitation increases, the nontrivial steady state solution may be changed from a limit cycle to a diffused limit cycle.

在第二章基础上，第三章将多尺度法引入到相应的随机系统的研究中；严格推导了系统的约简方程，用矩方法求出稳态解应满足的方程，获得一些结果；并且数值模拟结果与理论推导的结果是一致的；并注意到，与其对应的确定性系统相比较，系统响应从周期解变为近似周期解，系统的相轨线从极限环变为扩大的近似极限环；随着激励带宽的增大，此扩大的近似极限环的宽度将增大。

In the meantime,we note that the previous work on superfluidity mainlyconsider two extreme cases in weak interaction limit and strong Thomas-Fermiinteraction limit.

我们进一步注意到过去研究工作主要集中在弱相互作用极限下和强相互作用Thomas-Fermi近似极限下这两种极端情况。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。