近似方法

In this paper, the experience method, gas phase pseudopressure method , B-W method, oil reservoir integration method and approximation method for analysing gas condensate well testing are emphatical- ly described, and their characters, correctness and application scope are also compared.

着重介绍经验修正法、气相拟压力法、B-W方法、油藏积分法和近似法等，并比较了它们各自的特点、正确性及适用范围。

Traditionally the natural frequencies of finned tubes are calculated by some approximate methods, however, which have an influence on the precision.

对于翅片管的固有频率计算一直采用近似的方法，影响了计算精度和使用。

On the basis of atomic transition enerygy and absorbed bounds, a filter of the same ingredient as target material was adopted. This method can make the original polychrome X-ray turn into almost homochrome. Simulation analysis was taken by Egsnrc software based on Monte Carlo method and good effect gained.

根据原子的跃迁能量和能量吸收限，确定了用和靶材料相同的材料做成滤波片，可以很好地吸收靶物质所产生的低能射线，使最初的多色X射线谱近似单色化，并用基於蒙特卡罗方法的Egsnrc软件对硬化校正方案进行了仿真分析，获得了很好的结果。

The variational method and the effective mass approximation are used to calculate the phonon effects on the hydrogenic impurity states in a cylindrical quantum wire with finite deep potential by taking both the couplings of the electron-confined bulk longitudinal optical phonons and the impurity-ion–LO phonons into account.

采用有效质量近似和变分方法，同时考虑电子-约束型体纵光学声子及杂质离子-LO声子耦合，计算了有限深柱形量子线中杂质的极化效应。

In order to determine flood discharges in rivers without any previous hydrometric record, estimation according to its trace is the only approximation method that is comparatively reliable.

工程设计中，欲在未经水文测验的河流上定出设计用的洪水流率，依据洪水痕迹估算是唯一此较可靠而近似的方法。

In order to determine flood discharges in rivers without any previous hydrometric record, estimation according to its trace is the only approximation method that is comparatively reliable.

工程設計中，欲在未經水文測驗的河流上定出設計用的洪水流率，依据洪水痕跡估算是唯一此較可靠而近似的方法。

A new method which could extract region of interest was introduced. Based on partitions of indiscernibility relations and rough approximation, ROI could be extracted automatically and precisely.

为实现空瓶检测中感兴趣区域ROI的自动精确标定，介绍了一种基于粗糙集不可分辨关系划分及粗近似进行ROI区域提取的新方法。

By establishing a new comparison principle,and using method of L-quasi-upper and lower solutions and mixed monotone iterative technique,the results of existence and uniqueness of solutions to Cauchy problem s of first order nonlinear integrodifferential equations in Banach spaces are obtained.

通过建立一个新的比较原理，利用L-拟上下解方法和混合单调迭代法，研究了Banach空间中一阶非线性积分微分方程初值问题解的存在唯一性，并给出了近似解的迭代序列和误差估计式。

The experimental results indicated that the longer the po uring intervallic time of the two kinds of molten metal and the higher the heigh t of the molten iron to pour into the tip of dipper teeth , the narrower its tran sitional zone will be, on the contrary, the wider its transitional zone will be.

用不同粘度的流体通过水力模拟的方法近似地描述了双金属斗齿过渡区的混合状态。试验结果表明：两种液体浇注的间隔时间越长，先浇入的铁液液面越高，过渡区越窄；反之，过渡区越宽。生产中为了保证过渡区双金属的结合质量，应控制较高的铁液液面高度及一定的双液间隔时间

The results of the present research are as follows, The correlation between physico-chemical properties of organic compounds and their competitive power was studied, and it was indicated that organic compounds preferable to form H-bonding with organic matter of sorbents have stronger competitive power; Sorption behaviors of ionizable organic compounds in different species and their competitive power were examined, and the results showed that phenols and carbonxylic acids with benzyl circle have much stronger competitive power in molecular species than in ionized species, because negative charges of anionic forms can depressed their adsorption on the surface of the sediment; in contrast, organic bases such as aniline and p-chloroaniline show weaker competitive power in molecular species than in ionized species, and this is because both species of the organic bases could adsorb strongly onto the sediment; there is a correlation between competitive power of organic pollutants in multi-solute systems and their sorption isotherm nonlinearity in single-solute systems, and organic compounds whose sorption isotherms is linear in single-solute systems hardly have competitive power in multi-solute systems; Competitive sorption effects in more than two-solutes systems was studied, and it was exhibited that mixture of two cosolutes each of which could suppress sorption of nominal solute onto the sediment had synergistically competitive sorption effect on the nominal solute; A method about incorporating sorption/desorption of organic pollutants into river water quality model was developed, and discussion about degree of sorption/desorption effect on model prediction for different organic compounds was made, which will provide theoretical basis and practical processes for setting up more accurate water quality model.

论文主要取得了以下研究成果。(1)有机化合物的吸附竞争能力与其物化性质具有相关性，易与沉积物有机质形成氢键的化合物其竞争能力也比较强；(2)可离子化有机化合物的吸附竞争能力与其存在形态有关。酚类、含苯环的羧酸类化合物，其离子态的吸附竞争能力远小于分子态，其机理为有机酸阴离子所带的负电荷抑制了表面吸附能力，主要发生分配作用；而苯胺类化合物，其离子态和分子态都表现出显著的竞争能力，而且离子态的竞争能力略强于分子态，原因在于有机碱阳离子所带的正电荷促进了其表面吸附能力；有机化合物竞争能力的强弱与其单组分吸附等温线的非线性程度具有一定的相关性，吸附等温线近似为线性的化合物没有或只具有微弱的竞争能力；(3)对目标有机化合物的吸附具有竞争效应的有机化合物混合后，将对目标有机化合物的吸附产生协同竞争效应；(4)以京杭运河为例，率先提出了将有机污染物的吸附／脱附作用及水文水力参数耦合到水质模型中的方法，并讨论了吸附／脱附作用对不同有机污染物预测模型的影响，为建立更准确的水质模型及进行更客观的风险和生态评估提供了参考依据。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。