近似方法

The NIEL induced by low energy proton in Si and GaAs have been calculated using analytical method and Monte-Carlo code. Thin_target approximation was used when calculating NIEL by SRIM code and the result compared with that of other authors'. The results show that thin_target approximation is reasonable and NIEL scaling is feasible. The NIEL values become lower after taking into account the screening effect.

为此，本文采用解析法和基于Monte-Carlo方法的SRIM程序计算了考虑库仑屏蔽效应后低能质子在半导体材料Si，GaAs中的NIEL，SRIM程序在计算过程中采用薄靶近似法，并与其他作者的计算数据和实验数据进行了比较。

At the same time, due to 2~1S_0、 3_1S_0 are the radical excitations of 1~1S_0,we can use Regge trajectory on the (n,M~2)-plane with the approximate same slope to describe the mass of isoscalar of 3~1S_0 nonet (1926MeV). The two results derive from different ways are approximate. 2 The mass of the isodoublet of 2~3S_1 nonet is analyzed in the quarkonium-quarkonium mixing scheme, the results (1584±16.7MeV) is far from the K~*(1410)(1414±15MeV). 3 Based on "glueball dominance" picture, we establish glueball-meson mass relations. For the 2~ glueball mass and 4~ glueball mass used as input parameters, these relations predict the mass of isoscalar of 1~3F_4(4~)(2076±19.66MeV).

的质量(1900±12MeV)；同时考虑到2~1S_0、3~1S_0为1~1S_0的径向激发态，在(n，M~2)雷吉轨迹图中应该具有近似相同的斜率，利用雷吉轨迹可以得到其对应质量为(1926MeV)，两种方法得到了两个十分自洽的结果。2在介子—介子混合框架下，对2~3S_1介子九重态中同位旋二重态的质量给出估计，得到(1584±16.7MeV)，这个结果相对于K~*(1410)=1414±15MeV有较大的偏离。3在胶球为主的图像下，利用介子—胶球质量关系，选择2~与4~胶球的质量作为输入参数，我们得到1~3F_44~(介子九重态中同位旋标量态？

The method can apply to other NP hard problems.

它为求解NP困难问题的近似解提供了一种行之有效的方法。

A general Godunov finite difference schemes-WENO schemes which had fifth-order accuracy was used to make a numerical calculation for 2-dimensional axis symmetrical laser-supported plasma flow field under laser ablated solid target and laser ablated propulsion efficiency parameters(mechanical coupling coefficient etc.) was obtained by the simulation.The models of the calculation of ionization degree of plasma and the interaction between laser beam and plasma and the simplified eos of plasma were considered in the simulation.

采用针对高温气体电离度的一种近似计算方法，以及具有五阶精度的广义Godunov差分格式-加权本质无振荡格式WENO(weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes)，给出了高温气体状态方程的简便描述，并考虑激光与等离子体的相互作用，模拟了强激光与固体靶相互作用时激光支持靶面等离子体流场的动态物理过程，并给出了不同参数条件下激光烧蚀固体靶的推进效应参数。

It is derived by the origins of numerical approximation integration and introduces some important methods of numerical integration in detail in the dissertation.

本文从数值近似积分问题的产生出发，详细介绍了一些数值积分的重要方法。

An improved method is used to describe non-linear characteristics of oil film.

本文提出了改进的模型，用模型中各参数随偏心率的非线性分布来反映油膜力的非线性特性，使该模型能够进一步用于转子系统进入涡动状态后的瞬态运动描述，并给出了利用差分解获得模型中各参数近似估计的方法。

The question of searching characteristic points or straight lines on moving rigid body is decomposed into two relatively independent sub-questions. The first one is to evaluate the characteristic of points and straight lines on moving rigid body, whose mathematics model is a kind of special non-differential max-mini optimal problem with inequality constraints. By the method of Saddle-point Programming and maximum entropy, the problem can be transformed as a differential optimal problem with single objective. The second oner is to search approximative character points or straight lines on moving rigid body within design space, whose mathematic model is nonlinear and non-differential problem with multiple constraints.

本文将在运动刚体上寻找特征点或直线的优化问题分解为两个相对独立的子问题，一是对运动刚体上点或直线的特征性评定，其实质是平面曲线的圆度或直线度的评定问题，优化模型是以最大误差为最小作为优化目标的约束不可微的优化问题，本文采用鞍点规划和极大熵方法，将其转化为单目标可微优化模型；二是在设计空间内，寻找运动刚体上特征性评定指标最小的近似特征点或直线，其优化模型是非线性、多约束的不可微优化问题，本文提出用遗传算法和BFGS局部搜索法相结合来求解。

In order to improve the convergence of genetic algorithms for multi-variable problems, a search region retraction method has been introduced.

我们还分别用解析方法和数值模拟证明了旋波近似在这样的尺度下是完全失效的。4。

Based on the analysis and summary of basic ideas and methods,this thesis proposes two new estimation of error of higher order approximation.

方法二是在等距分布的条件下，基于三次样条插值函数的三弯距算法，通过利用节点处弯距的加权和近似计算区间中点处的二阶导数。

After probable damage location through MSECR, the method based on the sensitivity of orthogonality conditions gives good predictions of damage. This method overcomes the natural defect of the concept first order approximation of the ordinary sensitivity analysis method.

为克服灵敏度分析法一阶近似的本质缺陷，基于正交条件灵敏度分析法，利用MSECR对结构的损伤进行粗略定位后，给出了准确的识别结果，但这种方法的缺点是需要完备的实测振型。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。