近似方法

First, each shape is represented by the eigenvectors of an appropriately defined affinity matrix based on approximated geodesic distance, forming a spectral embedding which achieves normalization against rigid-body transformations, uniform scaling, and shape articulation (i.e., pose changing). This procedure is called the pose-oblivious transform.

首先，针对每一个形状都基于谱嵌入的方法求得其相应的谱嵌入表示，这里的谱嵌入是基于以近似测地距离为基础构造出的仿射矩阵的特征向量得到的，这一过程称为姿态无关变换，经过这一变换，模型的形状的描述符就具备了刚体变换不变、均匀缩放不变和姿态无关的特性。

In the real world, however, the masses of b or c quark is only of the order of a few GeV.

于是在有效拉氏量中把正反夸克完全分离来分别处理。这提供了一种近似处理方法。

Investigation was made of the sputtering rate in glow discharge lamp with re-lation to constituent of 25 different specimens of 6 binary systems, namely, Cr-Fe, Bi-Sb,Cu-Zn, Ag-Cu, Al-Zn and Cd-Sn, by measuring mass loss after each sputtering under con-stant Ar pressure and voltage applied. The correlation, in general, between sputtering rate andconcentration of constituent of these non-intermetallic binary alloys obeys the hyperbolic lawunder steady state, yet may be approximately regarded as linear only on certain special condi-tion if the two components of the alloys with similar sputtering rates.

在恒定气压和电压条件下，用测量溅射减量的方法，系统研究了Cr—Fe，Bi-Sb，Cu—Zn，Ag—Cu，Al-Zn和Cd—Sn六个系统的25个试样在辉光放电灯中溅射率与组分的关系结果表明；阴极溅射在稳态时，二元合金的溅射率与组元浓度的普遍关系是双曲线，只有在某些特殊情况下，两组元的溅射率相差不大时，可以近似看成线性关系。

After reviewing the orthotropic plate theory, the thesis summarizes the results of former researchers about stiffened plate and grillage.

本文回顾了用正交异性板理论求解加筋板结构强度问题的方法；总结了前人有关单向加筋板结构稳定性的研究，以及板架结构稳定性的近似解法。

Applying atomic many-body theory to analyse the Goldston diagrams of effective Hamiltonian and wave operator about electron-electron correlation for open shell atoms, we use a simple method to evaluate the effective Hamiltonian and calculate the correlation effectes of Corbon with HFS model as a zeroth order approximation. Making contrasts with the experiment and the calculation based on HF model we get pleased results.

应用原子多体理论对开壳层原子中电子关联效应的有效哈密顿量及波算符的Goldston图进行了分析，在此基础上得到了计算有效哈密顿量的简单方法；以HFS模型为零级近似对中性碳原子基态的关联效应进行了计算并通过与实验结果及其他文献基于HF模型进行的计算相比较，得到了令人满意的结论。

The magnet size （here the angle of the magnetic pole was used） modification to eliminate the phase shift was estimated by using a hard-edge approximation to the magnetic field distribution along a circle.

给出了由滑相角度估算磁极张角修正量的方法，根据滑相角度计算磁场沿圆周的平均值与等时性场的偏差；为消除此偏差，将磁场沿圆周的分布做硬边界近似，估算出磁极几何尺寸的修正量。

Most of them involves solving the gradient and Hessian of the object function, usually by means of symbolic differentiation.

它们大都涉及求解函数的梯度和海森矩阵，通常使用的计算方法是符号微分和差分近似。

Based on the modem FEM with the dynamic substructure method, itd dynamic equation is established with almost no limits to DOFs of the system, in which the left side is the first approach of the nonlinear system and the right side is the excitation and coupling nonlinear pseudo forces. The modal analysis method is used to get the eigen solution to the reduced linear homogeneous dynamic differential equation. When the system is excited by the harmonic excitation at the right side of the equation, the nonlinear dynamic response can be calculated by the numerical method to give quantitative analysis.

基于近代有限元和子结构模态综合法的动力学建模方法，获得非线性系统动力学微分方程，其自由度几乎没有限制，对左端首次近似齐次方程进行模态分析，选取对响应有贡献的部分本征对，同样对右端激励和非线性伪力作模态变换，得到减缩后非线性系统耦合动力学微分方程。

And based on a class of oscillator of ENSO models, employing the method of homotopic mapping, the approximate and exact of solution of corresponding problem is studied.

并在这基础上借助同伦映射方法研究了一类ENSO模型振子模型的近似解与精确解。

Hungarian approximation method and neighborhood search method are used for vertical via assignment.

提出了2种垂直通孔分配算法：比较精确的匈牙利近似算法；比较快速的邻域搜索方法。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。