近代

A mature and systematic concept of a nation-state of secularism practiced by Indian National Congress was borne out of the fact that there were both nationalist struggles against foreigners and secularist reforms at home.

在印度近代的民族主义斗争和世俗主义改革的"双重奏"局面中，国大党恰当地把握住了这两者各自的轻重缓急，并以尼赫鲁为代表，面对宗教传统深厚且教派冲突激烈的社会现实，形成了自己成熟而系统的世俗主义的国家观念。

All these lead to the emergence and development of a public sphere in literature. Aesthetic experiences represent peculiar secularity and individuation that have never been seen.

这一切导致了文学公共领域在中国近代的出现与发展，审美经验表现出了前所未有的世俗性和个性化色彩。

But since the innate modern seismograph＇s hundred years.

但自有近代地震仪的百年以来。

In both ancient and contemporary China, the Small Self and the Big Self formed a dual concept. Although throughout the history of thought, connotation of the Altruistic Self has modified many times, the Small Self could only be realised when placed in the framework of the Big Self.

无论在古代还是近代中国，都有一种小我与大我的二元观念，虽然在思想史之中大我的内涵多有变迁，但一直认为小我的价值唯有放在大我的意义框架之中方能实现。

Michel Hollard was one of the great figures of recent French history, one of the greatest French resistance heroes; one of the most effective, but also one of the most self- effacing," Richardot said."It would be wrong to say that he has been ignored. What he did was recognised after the war by the French, and especially the British, and has sometimes been recalled since.

米歇尔·霍拉特是近代法国历史上一个伟大的人物，是法国在二战期间最伟大的抵抗战士和真正的英雄，也是在功劳面前表现最谦卑的人之一，"理查德说，"我们不能说他是被忽视和轻看了，他所做的一切功绩在战后得到了法国，特别是英国的认可，他的事迹也被人们不时重温和回忆着。

However, from recent to contemporary period, along with the paradigm shift, dissimulation and decline of the Big Self, the Small Self has lost stipulation and restraint of the Big Self, and transformed into egoistic individualism.

不过，从近代到当代，随着大我的嬗变、异化和逐步解体，最终小我失去了大我的规约，变异为唯我式的个人主义。

Confronted with the sharp and complex conflicts between Chinese and Western cultures, Hu Shi puts forward solutions to the fully internationalization, which tries to overcome the closed mind of self-conceit and all kinds of disguised "westernized Chinese style".

作者单位：中南民族大学思想政治教育学院，湖北武汉 430074摘要：面对近代中国尖锐复杂的文化冲突，胡适提出了充分世界化的方案，试图克服各种变相的"中体西用"论及其中蕴藏的虚骄自大心理。

Toson achieved this self-confession because of his steadfast pursuit of the self in its modern sense.

藤村文学的这种自我告白，是基于他对近代自我的不懈追求来实现的。

The second chapter introduces important issues and theories in Western thoughts about urban planning and its harmonies with the modern vision. These include above all minimalism since the 1960's, with its redefined sense of space and new site-specific rule of application, and modernism which champions such concepts as self-containment and solo possession.

而第二章从西方空间规画史与近代艺术思潮中，艺术与空间之间关系演变的影响，讨论传统中公共艺术以纪念物的形式介入城市空间，尝试与整体空间和谐并存，达到在空间上尺度与比例的和谐关系的方式，一九六○年代中末叶低限主义运动对於空间观念的改变，场域限定的应用，与作品自给自足、独立自若之现代主义艺术表现进行比较。

In one word,"transformation" means the course and ways to sublate native cultures by absorbing foreign cultures, which is that people would use foreign culture to improve the weak elements in self-culture which are opposed to dominant culture factors under the new circumstances, and make them influence with each other, so that the system of the integral culture is harmonious with social life.

也就是说，在西方文化的冲击下，中国固有思想文化仍然遵循着自身发展的逻辑，并极大地影响到近代社会的发展和人们的行为，从而使整个思想文化体能够在具体的社会生活中达到某种均衡。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。