近代

Therefore, the purpose of this topic research is to set out from the sociological angle, carry on a creatively thorough research on the formation and development of this block in ancient times,specifically including its characteristics and the reasons for their formation, and the relationship between it and Fujian culture especially Fuzhou cultrue;and to firstly answer the question why there were so many famous people living in this block, thoroughly analyze the ultimate motivity that push its development in ancient times even its great achievement in modern times;so as to fill in the blank of this academic research,and to make peoples know about this block more thoroughly and completely,and then realize that the great achievement that it had achieved in morden times was not a historical fortuity,but deeply relied on the base of historical culture.

因此，本课题研究的目的在于从社会学的角度出发，对古代三坊七巷的形成和发展进行深入的研究，具体包括它的特点、特点的形成原因，与福建文化特别是与福州文化的关系进行了首创性的研究，初步回答了古代三坊七巷名人辈出的原因，深入分析了推动古代三坊七巷不断发展直至近代取得辉煌成就的深层动力因素，从而弥补了国内此项学术研究的空白，使人们对古代三坊七巷的了解更加系统、深入，认识到它在近代的辉煌不是历史的偶然，而是有着深厚的历史文化底蕴作依托。

The course of China's walking into the world is consistent with the importation of modern science and culture.

近代中国走向世界的过程是和近代科学文化输入中国的过程相一致的。

Modern returned students played an important role in the process of Chinese modern architecture institutionalization.

摘要近代归国留学生在中国近代建筑学体制化的过程中发挥了重要作用。

In terms of method, the thesis makes an analysis, a synthesis and a generalization of the modern Chinese and Japanese moral education idea with the combination of historical research and comparative research, macro analysis and microanalysis, general research and specific investigation, integral relation and individual development, revealing the similarities and differences between the modern Chinese and Japanese moral education ideas and the inherent law governing their formation.

在研究方法上，采取了历史研究与比较研究结合，宏观把握与微观梳理结合，一般研究与个案考察结合，整体关联与单项发展结合等交叉并用的研究方法，对中日近代道德教育理念进行分析、综合与概括，揭示了中日近代道德教育同质与异质特征，及道德教育理念形成演进的内在规律。

Moreover, the interpenetration between the traffic and the commerce network

在影响近代郑州棉业发展的诸多因素中，铁路的作用最为显著，这也是铁路交通功能型城市近代工商业发展的普遍特征。

According to records, the first tower crane used in construction-related patents issued in 1900. Emerged in 1905 with fixed jib tower crane, made in 1923 the modern prototype of the tower crane, the same year the first complete modern tower crane. At that time, Germany in 1930 has begun mass production of tower cranes, and used for building construction. In 1941, the tower crane industry standard DIN8770 Germany announced.

据记载，第一项有关建筑用塔机专利颁发于1900年。1905年出现了塔身固定的装有臂架的起重机，1923年制成了近代塔机的原型样机，同年出现第一台比较完整的近代塔机。1930年当时德国已开始批量生产塔机，并用于建筑施工。1941年，有关塔机的德国工业标准DIN8770公布。

Chapter Four:"self-disciplined management of the stock exchanges in modern Shanghai" focuses on the setup of the stock exchanges in modern Shanghai, management of stockbroker, regulation of trade dissension and lawbreaking punishment.

第四章近代上海交易所的自律管理：主要是从近代上海各证券交易所的机构设置，对证券经纪人的管理，关于交易纠纷处理和违规处罚的规定三个方面进行着手研究。

The introduction first briefly reviews Western Europe\'s universal order of "recht" in middle ages: As independent political units, the city, the manor, the church parish, the ligeance and so on were set in a rank order, the relations between each rank were established in legal form, empire represented the highest rank, and simultaneously played an arbitrator\'s role, was the arbitrator of political units subordinated to the emperor. All of these ranks were placed in natural order created by God, thus, the Christianity religious doctrine had provided the final validity for the universal legal orders; then the symbiotic of the political evolution and the legal transformation will be discussed. Western jurisprudence resided in the Church during the middle Ages, after entering into modern era, resorted to the state."State" instead of "empire" became the basic concept of modem law, and new order of "recht" was bound to make legitimate argumentation for the nation; finally, the background and sketches of this article is explained. It will trace and analyze intrinsic evolution of the idea of legal order in the background of concrete politics--especially the geopolitics, inspects how the different nation-states split up from universal Christianly world and obtain their independence, inspecting differences of respective national path, the fit or unfit quality and the success or failure in this process.

导论首先简要回顾西欧中世纪大一统的法权秩序：作为独立政治单元的各城市、庄园、教区、领地等被镶嵌在一个等级秩序中，各个等级之间以法律的形式来确立相互之间的关系，帝国代表最高等级，同时扮演仲裁人的角色，是臣属其下的各个政治单元之间的仲裁者，而帝国等级又被安置在上帝创造的自然秩序中，因而，是基督教教义为大一统的法权秩序提供了最终的合法性；接着指出西欧政治演变与法权变革的共生性：西方法学在中世纪寄身于教会之中，进入近代以后则投靠了国家，"国家"代替"帝国"，成为近代法学构造的基本概念，新的法权秩序必然围绕民族国家展开；最后说明本文的论述方式和基本思路：本文将在具体的政治——特别是地缘政治——的背景中，追踪和解析法权观念的内在演变，由此进一步****不同民族国家内、异质的法权秩序如何从过去大一统的世界中分化剥离并获得独立，并试图检讨这一过程中不同民族道路的差异、优劣和得失。

Facing the disappearing of the industry inheritance of modern age and the light-minded attitude .

中文摘要：面对当下城市近代产业遗产的大量消失及人们对待它的轻率态度，对近代产业遗产的重新认识对每个城市来说都是十分必要的。

Through the systematic investigation on the emergence and the development of the likin system in modern China, the thesis tends to analyze the role of likin system in modern China and the influence on the economy and life of society under Chinas specific circumstance. The author is determined to make comprehensive and objective evaluation upon the likin system.

本文通过系统地考察中国近代厘金制度产生和发展的历吏轨迹，分析在近代中国特定的时空环境下，厘金制度在历史进程中所扮演的角色及对社会经济生活的影响，力图对厘金制度有一个全面、总体的把握和客观的评价。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。