近代

The presence of those inadequacies is the key reason for the fact that the republicanist tradition finally gave way to the liberalist interpretation of freedom in the modern times.

这种缺陷的存在是共和主义传统的自由观念终于在近代让位于自由主义对自由的理解的一个关键性的原因。

As one of the leaders of the New Culture Movement, the political position of Cai Yuanpei during the May Fourth period was not the one of the representative of the Nationalists in the Northern China, but the one of a typical liberalist intellectual.

在中国近代思想人物研究中，蔡元培是一位争议较少的人物，他在五四新文化运动中所起的作用也被学术界一致承认。

The working-class library is an important power for the development of British librarianship in modern time.

英国工人阶级图书馆是英国近代图书馆事业发展的一支重要力量。

Due to the unique social surroundings back then, the librarianship in Shanghai underwent a faltering and diversified development.

由于近代独特的社会文化环境，上海的图书馆事业呈现出迂回曲折、多元活跃的发展特点。

His thought of library science is the epitome of the modern Chinese thought of library science.

他的图书馆学思想，是近代中国图书馆学思想的缩影。

The most recent breakthrough has been a fairly general agreement that observations of Type I's light curve can be interpreted as the model of the decay of 1M.

一、引言超新星爆发是宇宙中发生的最激烈的事件之一许多近代天体物趣的研究工作都与超新屋密切相关。

The establishment of the likin system was the measure that the Qing Dynasty had to be made. But it evolved as the phenomenon that the toll-gates were set up at no places and no goods wasnt levied the tax. Its harm was so deep that it was thought of as one of the disasters in modern times.

厘金制度的设立，是"不得忆"而为之的无奈之举，然而却演变成几乎无地不设卡，无物不抽厘，其危害之烈竟成为近代公认的祸患之一，这是任何人也没有想到的。

The former analyzes the holdup Likin caused to the development of national modern industry in China and the formation of domestic market. The later talks about the holdback Likin produced to the export of domestic goods and the help the import got.

前者分析了厘金对国内商品流通、中国近代民族工业发展以及国内统一市场形成的阻碍；后者则论述了厘金抑制国内商品出口及利于外国商品输入的作用。

In the period of Late Ch'ing, however, Likin, a kind of commercial tax which had begun to be levied to alleviate financial crisis, completely escaped from its normal steps later. In one side it satisfied the financial need of the government in some extent and became an important resource of state finance. In another side it held up the industrial and commercial development of modern China badly and turned to be a negative example of tax.

但是，晚清时期，为缓解政府严重财政危机而仓促开创的厘金税却完全脱离了正常的发展轨道：一方面它一定程度上支持了清政府的财政需要，成为国家财政的重要支柱之一；另一方面却严重阻碍了中国近代工商业的发展，成为病商扰民的恶税。

Modernization was based on substantive financial earnings and this meant that China must increase venture. But under Chinas specific circumstance, the government had to aggravate the likin collection; then its flooding also badly hindered the currency of merchandise and went against developing the modernization.

现代化是建立在巨额的财政收入基础上的，这就意味着政府必须扩大税收，但在近代中国特定的时空环境下，只有加重厘金的征收；而厘金的冗滥又严重阻碍了商品的流通，不利于现代化的开展。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。