近代

The recent China has experienced a poor and infirm history of being invaded.

近代中国经历了一段积贫积弱、任人宰割的历史。

In latter-day, researchers focused on inherence human rights, freedom, and equality and so on, which have hints to teacher's justice practice.

近代学者对于天赋人权、自由、平等等学说进行了充分的论证，对师生互动中教师公正的实现有很大的启发意义。

From a new perspective--individuals are limited by their own culture, but their inner capacity is also the only motivating force of the overall civilization, so the change of overall civilization always reflects the underlying change of cultural existential pattern of the individuals--the author contends that modernism is a spiritual-cultural phenomenon emerged in the mid-nineteenth century, that the faith in human rationality in modern western civilization destroyed all kinds of Supreme Authorities, made them lost their self-evident Supremacy; in other words, traditional evaluating principle and meaning became doubtful.

作者从一种新的视角——西方文化史上个体生存与即有精神文化的关系——出发，指出现代主义是产生于十九世纪中期以降西方文化中的一种精神文化现象，西方近代人文主义传统对人类理性的过分依赖导致所有绝对价值都失去了其自明性，成为人类理性探寻、怀疑的对象，导致个体生存与即有精神文化产生了严重断裂。

Modern returned students played an important role in the institutionalization of modern Chinese architecture.

归国留学生在中国近代建筑学体制化的过程中发挥了重要作用。

Meanwhile, I will also attempt to link this episode with the institutionalization of modem Chinese mathematics education.

同时，我们也将试图连结这一段插曲与中国近代数学教育之制度化。

Next, this thesis introduces the lifestyle of the modern instructress in Suzhou from the aspects of both their family and employment conditions. And their living standard and professional status were reflected according to the above. At the same time, it discusses the dilemma about her choice between family and career.

接着从家庭和职业两个方面分别介绍了近代苏州女教师的生活，藉此反映她们的生活水平和职业状况，并探讨了刚刚走上社会的职业妇女在家庭和事业方面遇到的两难选择。

The integral equation theory is one of the important theories in statistical mechanics.

积分方程理论是近代统计力学中的重要理论之一。

2The modern scientism originated from the substance-reductionistic philosophy and the intellectualist traditionof ancient Greek.

近代以来的唯科学主义来源于古希腊的实体还原论哲学或理智主义的传统。

The intersection and interpenetrate of life science and engineering science are the conspicuous character of recent development of science and tenology. Envoluation, as an important self-adapt method drawn from life phenomena, has been generally recongnized and widely applied to problem solving. But the current evolving models have a common deficiency: they can not well reflect that the evoluation of the system is in fact the co-evolution under numerous local reciprocity.

生命科学与工程科学的相互交叉、相互渗透和相互促进是近代科学技术发展的显著特点之一，进化行为作为从生命现象中抽取的重要的自适应机制已被人们普遍认识并得到了广泛的应用，然而现有的进化模型存在一个共同的不足——未能很好地反映出一个普遍存在的事实：多数情况下，整个系统复杂的自适应进化过程，事实上，是一个构成系统的众多子系统局部相互作用的协同进化过程。

Because it was developed by intersecting Modern Mathematics, Mechanics, Computer Science, etc..

由于这一方法是在近代数学、力学、计算机科学等众多学科交叉渗透的基础上发展起来的。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。