近代

As the result, it formed a basic knowledge treasure and fixed them up in the style of booklist.

在整个近代学术转型时期，这个知识资源库成为近代学人进行新学术创造的基本知识资源背景。

The concept of right is a basic component of the modern bourgeois ideology.

权利的观念是近代资产阶级意识形态的基本内容，近代社会的法制及其法治都是建立在权利观念的基础上的。

Around 1900,tenser national crisis made such bourgeoise intellectuals as KangYouwei, LingQichao and YanFu attribute the competition between states and nations to that of national quality.

在猛烈批判国民劣根性的基础上，他们明确提出"新民"的响亮口号，塑造了"德"、"智"、"力"三者具备的近代国民新形象，正式开启了近代国民性改造的漫漫征程。

As for the acknowledgement of the modern Chinese semi-colonial, semi-feudal society"s characteristics ,Zhou en-lai stated very deeply and much earlier than Mao ze-dong .the Chinese revolution is that the bourgeois democratic revolution leading by the Chinese communist party and the revolution should be subdivided into "two steps", which Zhou en-lai stated clearly in the first cooperation of the KMT and CP ;while on the Chinese revolution"s motivation problems during Zhou"s early travel of Europe, he divided 5 revolution motivations ,and later clearly pointed out the revolution"s dependent power is workers, peasants, the small capitalist class and the national bourgeoise.

他对于近代中国的半殖民地半封建社会性质的认识，早于毛泽东且论述非常深刻；对于近代中国革命是中国共产党领导的资产阶级民主革命和革命要分"两步走"步骤，周恩来在第一次国共合作时期就已有明确论述；而关于中国革命的动力问题，周恩来早在旅欧时期，就划分了五派革命动力，以后又清楚地指出工人、农民、小资产阶级和民族资产阶级是革命的依靠力量；对于帝国主义列强、新旧军阀、封建余孽和买办官僚，是中国革命的对象问题，周恩来在1924年的《革命救国论》中就已经解决了；中国革命的领导权必须掌握在无产阶级及其政党中国共产党的手里，这一认识周恩来也是很早且非常坚定的。

The nation state of early modern Europe, however, did not rise out of the divergence of the burgher class and the feudal power.

市民阶级政治思想家从基本的人类理性出发，抽象并论证出独立的、个体人的自然本性和基本权利，进而引申出新时代的国家权力观念、民族共同体观念、民主与共和观念和契约权利观念等人类社会共同体生活的一般理性准则，从而不仅为近代民族国家的确立和发展创设了有利的社会舆论氛围和新价值导向，同时还在理论上规定了近代民族国家的政治思想框架。

Fourthly, the ascendancy of the rationalist religious faith of the burgher class symbolizes the modernizing transformation of social and religious values of Western Europe.

自治城市的行政官僚组织体系、财政税收管理职能、权力制衡与选举制度等，也直接为近代西欧民族国家的发展提供了有益经验借鉴。城市商业资本的崛起与扩张，有力地促进了近代民族统一经济市场的形成。

Frist, the thesis expounds the historical limits, such as the tradi-tional fuedalism ideas like regale thoughts and the Celestial Empire ideas and miscarriage in diplomatic understanding. Secondly, the thesis expounds the active influences of Zeng" s modern diplomatic ideas, which are embodied in the next aspects: the influence of Zeng s diplomatic achievements, the influ-ence on the modernization of Chinese diplomacy and the strick on western pow-ers " force diplomacy.

首先主要从王权思想、天朝上国观念等封建传统观念和外交认识与失误等方面，阐述曾纪泽近代外交思想的历史局限；其次主要从曾纪泽外交成就的影响、对中国外交近代化的影响和对西方列强强权外交的冲击等方面论述曾纪泽近代外交思想的积极影响。

We should first make clear what Chinese traditional education and American modern education were at the end of 1800s in order to study the influence of American churchman for China modern education.

为了研究美国传教士对中国近代教育的影响，我們必須首先弄清19世纪末中國的傳統教育和美国的近代教育。

As the capital of the modern China, Nanjing had made great achievements in city planning and construction.

作为近代中国的首都，南京的近代城市规划和建设取得了令人瞩目的成就。

In virtue of the given philosophical context of modern times, which held the preceding theories of interpreter and embracer, what had come on the scene was not the originally Marx's philosophical revolution, not the histo...

由于 作为诠释者和接受者之理论前见的特定的近代哲学境域，在这里出现的并不是作为本来意义上的马克思的哲学革命，并不是马克思实现哲学革命本身的历史，而是思辨哲学境域中的马克思的哲学革命，是近代形而上学视域中的马克思哲学革命的历史。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。