近代

Therefore, the process from Bookkeeping Age to Accounting Age and the achievement were determined directly by the development of neoteric market economy and industrialization.

中国近代会计改良与改革运动，事实上是与近代中国资本主义的发展和工业化的尝试相适应的。

In this thesis, the real traditional woman coats (147 coats), collected in Donghua University Clothing Art Museum, Hangzhou Silk Museum and the private, were investigated by using various methods, such as: annal , classification, comparison, statistics and deduction etc..

本论文对东华大学服装艺术博物馆、杭州丝绸博物馆以及一些私人的近代传统的女上装藏品(共147件)进行详细具体的研究，探究近代中国的传统女上装的样式、装饰、剪裁、缝制和面料的变化趋势及其规律。

To conquer the difficulty faced by modernphilosophy,the intuition theory of Leibniz combines a priori with aposteriori,universality with particularity,and solves the puzzle of how to obtainessential knowledge properly.This make it possible for Leibniz philosophy to avoidthe emptiness of earlier rationalism and narrowness of empiricism,and reach theunprecedented livelyness and richness.

为了克服近代哲学的这种困境，莱布尼茨的直觉理论以现象学直观的方式突破了近代唯理论和经验论在本质认识上所陷入的困境，将先验与具体、一般和特殊统一起来，这使其哲学得以可能克服经验论的狭隘性和以往唯理论的空洞性，从而达到空前的生动和饱满。

This Art Deco style theater enjoys a prominent status in the history of Shanghai Modern Architecture.

它是一座装饰派艺术风格的剧院，在上海近代建筑中有较突出的地位，反映了当时最高的建筑设计及营造水平，被列为"近代优秀建筑保护单位"。

The biogeochemical cycle of modern sedimentary phosphorus in ocean continental interaction zone and its relationship with O 2 and CO 2 in the atmosphere are discussed in this paper. From enviromental biogeochemical theory and methodology, the characteristics of variation of sedimentary phosphorus with time, species, and its related elements are summarized.

通过探讨海陆交互作用带近代沉积磷的生物地球化学循环过程及与大气圈氧气和二氧化碳等的相关关系，综述了用环境生物地球化学的理论和方法研究海陆边缘近代沉积磷随时间的变化规律、赋存形态、与相关元素的耦合关系等生物地球化学特征及其在全球变化区域响应研究中的特殊意义。

Thefounding and development of Chinese CUL brought the western library theory,management, and technology etc., promoted the reformation and evolvement oftraditional service idea and played an enlightening and sample role; As an importantchannel of western cultures dissemination to the eastern, CUL played a special role inculture communication between China and the western. Being an important part ofmodern Chinese library cause, CUL were also the birthplace of library scienceeducation, because it cultivated a large number of library professionals and promoted theprosperity of modern Chinese library cause.

中国教会大学图书馆的设立发展，较早将西方图书馆的理论、管理和技术方法等带进中国，推动了中国图书馆界传统思想及服务观念的变革、进化，起到启蒙和示范之作用；教会大学图书馆在近代中西方文化交流中具有特殊地位，是西学东渐的重要通道；教会大学图书馆是近代中国图书馆事业的重要组成部分，是图书馆教学教育的发源地，培养了大批图书馆专业人才，促进了近代中国图书馆事业的兴旺和繁荣。

The high-degree integrated traditional political culture of China was strongly impacted by the western powerful culture in modem times and caused its adjustments, so the historical journey of Chinese traditional political culture was displayed as the course of the nativistic movement. The history logic from 1840 to 1901 suggests that the crisis of Chinese traditional political culture in modern times be unprecedented and it could not be saved unless it should be replaced by a completely-new cultural form through the nativistic movement.

具有高度整合性的中国传统政治文化在近代遭遇了西方强势文化的冲击并由此展开了顽强抵抗和回应性调整，因此中国传统政治文化的近代行程表现为本土运动的历史行程。1840—1901年间中国传统政治文化本土运动的历史逻辑表明：中国传统政治文化在近代遭遇的危机是空前和全面的整体性危机，非本土运动所能自救，最终不得不进行全面的革故鼎新，以一种新的政治文化替代之。

The high-degree integrated traditional political culture of China was strongly impacted by the western powerful culture in modem times and caused its adjustments, so the historical journey of Chinese traditional political culture was displayed as the course of the nativistic movement. The history logic from 1840 to 1901 suggests that the crisis of Chinese traditional political culture in modem times be unprecedented and it could not be saved unless it should be replaced by a completely-new cultural form through the nativistic movement.

具有高度整合性的中国传统政治文化在近代遭遇了西方强势文化的冲击并由此展开了顽强抵抗和回应性调整，因此中国传统政治文化的近代行程表现为本土运动的历史行程。1840-1901年间中国传统政治文化本土运动的历史逻辑表明：中国传统政治文化在近代遭遇的危机是空前和全面的整体性危机，非本土运动所能自救，最终不得不进行全面的革故鼎新，以一种新的政治文化替代之。

In fact, the historican learners have been paying more attention to the steamship and train on account of the transport weans imported from the western society, but the study on Auto have almost been nothing.,My paper think the significances of Auto had replaced the train after the first world war, and the research of Auto s value reached the climax in Anti桱apanese war0 It will deepen and develop the study of the Modern Chinese social history, military history, economical history, technical history or industrical history , and even that cultural history,,This paper is divided into five parts.?

实际上，就近代中国从西方引进的交通设施而言，史学界主要关注于轮船和铁路，对于近代中国汽车的研究近乎空白。本文认为，自欧战以后，汽车对于中国社会的重要性逐渐取代铁路，并在抗战期间达到顶峰。通过对本课题的研究，在一定程度上可深化和拓展近代中国社会史、经济史、技术史或工业史、军事史、城市史乃至文化史的研究。本文的正文部分共分五个部分。

The results of statistical method show that Quanzhou yanglou houses were developed in the later stage of modern China architecture times. More than 60% builders are Philippines overseas Chinese; the characteristics of Quanzhou yanglou houses, such as verandahs and internal layout, are also analyzed by the statistical method.

运用统计学方法分析结果表明，泉州近代洋楼民居位于中国近代建筑发展的后期，其建设者中有60%以上是来自菲律宾的华侨；泉州近代洋楼民居建筑形态的特点，如外廊特征和内部布局等也同样可以进行分析。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。